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Wide Area Network

Wide Area Network. Chapter 6. Chapter Objective. Internet and characteristics of Internet. Various Internet protocols Static IP addressing and Dynamic IP addressing. Internet - The Network of Networks.

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Wide Area Network

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  1. Wide Area Network Chapter 6

  2. Chapter Objective • Internet and characteristics of Internet. • Various Internet protocols • Static IP addressing and Dynamic IP addressing Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  3. Internet - The Network of Networks • The Internet, or simple the Net, is the publicly accessible worldwide systems of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using a standardized protocols. • Internet was developed by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). Initially, they created Advance Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET) • Initially, Internet was called the information super-highway. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  4. Internet - The Network of Networks • Internet has four characteristics, • Global connectivity • A network of networks • A global WAN • Not the World Wide Web (WWW) • Internet is connectivity. WWW is the graphical interface. • Connectivity and an interface are integral part of Internet. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  5. Access to Internet • A company that provides retail access to the Internet is called an Internet Service Provider (ISP). • An ISP can provide their service through dial-up or broadband (wired and wireless connection) Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  6. Protocols • Internet consist of a large set of heterogeneous networked computers, operating systems and applications. • These heterogeneous systems must follow a standard form of communication protocol. • The most common and widely used communication protocol is TCP/IP. TCP is responsible for verifying delivery from client to server. IP is responsible for moving data packets between the nodes. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  7. Access Point to the Internet • A network access point (NAP) is a public network exchange facility where ISP’s can connect with one another in peering arrangements. • The NAP are very important as the connections within then determine how traffic is routed. • Metropolitan area Ethernet (MAE) is a network access point where ISP’s can connect with each other. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  8. Graphical Interface on the Internet • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the standard protocol used for the transmission of web pages between the server and the client. • Tags are commands inserted in a document that specifies how the document, or the portion of the document should be formatted. • Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a system for organizing and tagging elements of a document. SGML was developed and standardized by International Organization for Standards (ISO). SGML specifies the rules for tagging elements. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  9. Graphical Interface on the Internet • HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the authoring language that is used like a word processor to create documents on the World Wide Web. • Extensive Markup Language (XML) is parse-down version of SGML, designed specifically for Web documents. It allows designers to create their own customized tags, transmission, validation and interpretation of data between application and between organizations. • Java is a programming language commonly used to develop Internet applications and graphics. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  10. Web Addresses • Uniform resource locator (URL) are the global addresses of documents and other resources on the WWW. ftp://www.pcwebopedia.com/stuff.exe http://www.pcwebopedia.com/index.html http://auburn.edu and http://131.204.2.251 are same. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  11. Static and Dynamic Addressing • Static IP addressing occurs when an ISP permanently assigns one or more IP addresses to each user. • These address do not change over time, the same address is used each time a device joins a network. • As the IP address do not change, it is easy for other computers to reach, and also, it is a easy target for intrusion. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  12. Static and Dynamic Addressing • In dynamic IP addressing, the IP address of a computer may change over time. • If an IP address is not used, it can be automatically be reassigned to another computer as needed. • ISP’s usually assign dynamic IP address, allowing the reuse of the address. This makes efficient use of IP addresses. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

  13. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) • The DHCP is an Internet protocol for automating the configuration of assigning dynamic IP addresses. • In some systems the dynamic IP address can change while it is still connected. • Use of DHCP simplifies the job of network administrators because the DHCP server will keep track of the IP address. • Use of DHCP reduces the manual work of a network administrator. Prepared by Saher Hasan Mohammed

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