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IPv6 Deployment on An Advanced Experimental Network in Taiwan

IPv6 Deployment on An Advanced Experimental Network in Taiwan. Associate Research Scientist Quincy Wu (solomon@nchc.gov.tw) Deputy Director Eugene J. Yeh (c00jsy00@nchc.gov.tw) National Center for High-Performance Computing. Contents.

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IPv6 Deployment on An Advanced Experimental Network in Taiwan

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  1. IPv6 Deployment on An Advanced Experimental Network in Taiwan • Associate Research Scientist Quincy Wu • (solomon@nchc.gov.tw) • Deputy Director Eugene J. Yeh • (c00jsy00@nchc.gov.tw) • National Center for High-Performance Computing

  2. Contents • National Telecommunication Project & National Broadband Experimental Network • Main Features of IPv6 • Current Applications & Transition Mechanism • Deployment in Taiwan • Future Work

  3. National Telecom. Program • Initiated by National Science Council • Covering 2 major research areas • Broadband Internet • Wireless Communications • NBEN (National Broadband Experimental Network): as testbed for multimedia broadband applications and various advanced communications protocols. • Project Implementation: May 1998- 2003 • Budget（1998-2000）: 5,546 million NT$ • Consolidate the R&D efforts of CHT, TL and III

  4. NBEN Objectives • To master key future technologies • Next generation Internet protocols (IPv6, RSVP, Multicast, etc.) • advanced switching and routing techniques • To develop broadband access technologies • Gigabit Ethernet, DWDM & Wireless LAN • Provide a dedicated backbone for advanced technology and next generation application • Internet telephony, video-conferencing, web course, E-commerce, digital library, distance learning

  5. NBEN Partners NSC Funding flow Research Projects NCHC Service flow Univ. Fixed Network Carriers ATM layer service NTPO GigaPop’s TL CHT Research Institutes IT Industry

  6. NBEN Actions

  7. SDH Backbone Phase I : Before 90/9/30 Taipei-Taichung Taichung-Kaohsiung Phase II :Before 90/12/30 Whole island Fiber (STM-1/OC-3c) BEX-VPX ATM Switch Giga Pop NTU TTI TL NMS TL VPX Taipei VPX NCHC Chung-li VPX NCU NMS STM-4 NDHU Hsinchu VPX Hua-lian VPX NTHU NCTU NCHU Taichung VPX CCU Tainan VPX NCKU Kaohsiung VPX NSYSU

  8. GigaPop Configuration WAN LAN Fore ASX-1000 ATM Switch OC-3c STM-1 OC-3c Nortel/Bay 5000BH IP Router 100Base-T Hauman Technologies Corps. (Fore Systems)

  9. NBEN Establishment Project • Investigator: NCHC • Period: 8/1998 - 7/1999 (1st year) • Budget: NT$12.7M (for equipments) • Backbone supported by CHT free of charge for 3 years • Schedule: • 10/13/‘98 project approved (submitted 9/11) • 11/11/‘98 proposal approved by NSC • 03/01/‘99 equipment delivery and test • 05/18/‘99 operation and application test • 06/15/‘99 deployment accomplished and service started

  10. Shared Platform for Video Conferencing • Video Conference/IP(H.323) • Deploy internet platform for video conferencing by multi-users & multi-parties • TANET2000 Video Conference（NTU、NCHC、NCTU、NTPO、NCHU、NCKU、NSYSU） • Feasibility study and planning for MegaConference environment • NSYSU

  11. Service-oriented Pilot Projects

  12. Research Groups in 2001 • H.323 Video Conference Multipoint Control Unit (MCU) • NSYSU, NCKU, NCTU, NTU, NCHC • Quality of Service (QoS) • NTU, CCU, NCU • Network Management • NCU, NCKU • IPv6 • NDHU, NTHU, NCHC, CCU

  13. IPv6 Design Goals • Addressing and Routing • Minimizing Administrative Workload • Multi-media Support • Security • Mobility

  14. IPv6 Milestone • Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) was recommended by the IPng Area Directors of the Internet Engineering Task Force at the Toronto IETF meeting on July 25, 1994 in RFC 1752. • The core set of IPv6 protocols were made an IETF Draft Standard on August 10, 1998 in RFC 2460.

  15. What happened to IPv5? • Version 5 had been assigned to another protocol, the Streams Protocol, ST2. That experimental protocol does not really exist. • The next number available for assignment was 6, hence the next generation is called IPv6. • Now there is talk of developing the Internet in even-numbered increments – IPv8.

  16. Expanded Address Space • IPv4 address: 140.110.31.15 = 1000 1100 : 0110 1110 : 0001 1111 : 0000 1111 (32bits) • Maximum = 232 = 4 Billion • 60% of the IPv4 address space is allocated • Overall Internet is still growing at 40% per year worldwide • 320 million users in 2000, 550 million by 2005 • We shall run out of IP addresses in 2010!

  17. Expanded Address Space (2) • IP is everywhere • IPv6 is specified to be a required, mandatory to implement network layer protocol by 3GPP • UMTS Release 5 is Internet Mobility, 1/3 of 1B should get connected • 1 Billion cars in 2010, 15% should get GPS and Yellow Page service • Billion of new Internet appliances for Home users

  18. IPv6 Address • 128-bit long • 2128 = 3.4×1038 665×1021 addresses per m2 of earth surface. • Considering some inefficient usage (e.g. 911 prefix in telephony), it is estimated to support 8×1017 to 2×1033 addresses. • 8×1017 1,564 address perm2.

  19. Text Representation of Addresses • Colon-Hex 3ffe:3600:2000:800:248:54ff:fe5c:8868 • Compressed Format: 3ffe:0b00:0c18:0001:0000:0000:0000:0010 becomes 3ffe:b00:c18:1::10 • IPv4-compatible: • 0:0:0:0:0:0:140.110.31.15 • or ::140.110.31.15

  20. Multicast • Modern internetworks need to transmit streams of video, audio, news, financial, or other timely data to groups of functionally related but dispersed endstations. • This is best achieved by network layer multicast. • Typically, a server sends out a single stream of multimedia or time-sensitive data to be received by subscribers. A multicast-capable network routes the server's packets to each subscriber in the multicast group, replicating only as needed.

  21. Unicast

  22. Multicast

  23. Multicast Support • Multicast is optional for IPv4. Not all routers support multicast. For example, TANet does not enable multicast feature on each router. • All IPv6 hosts and routers are required to support multicast. • There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6, their function being superseded by multicast addresses. • Link-local • Site-local • Global scope

  24. Header Format Simplification • Address space quadrupled to 16 bytes • Fixed length • Concatenated Extension Headers • No checksum • (Done by Link Layer) • No hop-by-hop segmentation • (Path MTU discovery) • Flow label/Class (Integrated QoS support)

  25. Changed Removed IPv4 Header20 Octets+Options : 13 fields, include 3 flag bits 0 bits 4 8 16 24 31 Ver IHL Service Type Total Length Identifier Flags Fragment Offset Time to Live Protocol Header Checksum 32 bit Source Address 32 bit Destination Address Options and Padding

  26. IPv6 Header40 Octets, 8 fields 0 4 12 16 24 31 Version Priority Flow Label Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit 128 bit Source Address 128 bit Destination Address

  27. Protocol and Header Types

  28. IPv6 Extension Headers • IP options have been moved to a set of optional Extension Headers • Extension Headers are chained together IPv6 Header TCP Header Application Data Next = TCP IPv6 Header Routing Hdr TCP Header Application Data Next = Routing Next = TCP IPv6 Header Security Hdr Fragment Hdr TCP Header Data Frag Next = Security Next = Frag Next = TCP

  29. IPv6 enables efficient routing • Total IPv6 header size is only twice as large. • Most IPv6 extension headers are not examined or processed by intermediate nodes (in contrast with IPv4, where IP options typically cause a major performance loss for the packet at every intermediate router). • Priority and flow label can be used to identify flows even when the payload is encrypted.

  30. Application-level Security Solutions • SSH for TELNET • SSL for WWW • PGP for email The contents may be encrypted, but the traffic flow can still be observed. IPv6 provides Network-level security.

  31. Origin IP hdr TCP Data Authentication Header • Data origin authentication • Useful in conquering DoS attack • Connetionless integrity Before applying AH After applying AH Origin IP hdr AH TCP Data Authenticated

  32. IPv6 Header Extension Hdr ESP Header Payload Encapsulating Security Payload Transport Mode of IPv6 Encryption Tunnel Mode of IPv6 Encryption Unencrypted Encrypted Unencrypted Encrypted IPv6 Hdr Ext. Hdr ESP Hdr IPv6 Hdr Ext. Hdr ESP Hdr Payload

  33. Auto-configuration (Plug-n-Play) • hosts can construct their own addresses: • subnet prefix learned from periodic multicast advertisements from neighboring router • interface IDs generated locally, e. g., using MAC in addresses • DHCP also available for those who want more control

  34. Auto-Reconfiguration (Renumbering) • If your organization change to a new ISP, the IP address prefix must be changed. • New address prefix can be introduced, and old ones withdrawn • Add a new Prefix to the Router • Reduce the Lifetime of the old prefix • As nodes depreciate the old prefix, the new Prefix will start to be used for new connections.

  35. IPv6 Implementation - Host • Apple • Compaq • FreeBSD • Hitachi, Ltd. • HP • IBM • Linux • Microsoft • Silicon Graphics • Sun • etc.

  36. IPv6 Implementation - Router • 3Com • Cisco Systems • Hitachi, Ltd. • NTHU • Nokia • Nortel Networks • Telebit Communications

  37. IPv6 Deployment Policy in Korea Phase I (~2001) Phase II (2002~2005) Phase III (2006~2010) Phase IV (2011~) • Transition Roadmap by Government (23 Feb 2001) IPv4 Only IPv4 Ocean IPv4 Island IPv6 Only IPv4/IPv6 Translation Required Experimental IPv6 Network IPv6 Ocean IPv6 Island • Validation • Operation • Promotion • IMT2000 Service • Translation Service Commercial IPv6 Service (wire/wireless) Complete native IPv6

  38. NTT-JP

  39. CERNETv6

  40. ESNET-V6 • ESnet is working to make this transition from IPv4 to IPv6 as seemless as possible for our customers. We are one of the few Internet Service Providers to be a participate in the 6Bone backbone. Our engineering staff is also testing many of the network services we are all familiar in an IPv6 environment. • 6Tap • 6ren • Whois Server • Tunnel Registration • Address Delegation • http://www.es.net/hypertext/welcome/pr/ipv6.html

  41. IPv6 Transition Objective • To allow IPv6 and IPv4 hosts to interoperate • To allow IPv6 hosts and routers to be deployed in the Internet in a highly diffuse and incremental fashion, with few interdependencies • The transition should be as easy as possible for end-users, system administrators, and network operators to understand and carry out • The transition should be as transparent to general users as possible

  42. IPv6 Transition Mechanisms • A set of protocol mechanisms implemented in hosts and routers • Some operational guidelines for addressing and deployment, designed to make transiting the Internet to IPv6 work with as little disruption as possible

  43. IPv4  IPv6 Transition Strategy • Dual Stack • Tunneling (RFC 2473) • Translation (RFC 2766 – NAT-PT)

  44. APPLICATION TCP/UDP IPv4 IPv6 DRIVER Dual-Stack Approach • When adding IPv6 to a system, do not delete IPv4 • this multi-protocol approach is familiar and well-understood (e.g., for AppleTalk, IPX, etc.) • note: in most cases, IPv6 will be bundled with new OS releases, not an extra-cost add-on • Applications (or libraries) choose IP version to use • when initiating, based on DNS response: • if (dest has AAAA or A6 record) use IPv6, else use IPv4 • when responding, based on version of initiating packet • This allows indefinite co-existence of IPv4 and IPv6, and gradual, app-by-app upgrades to IPv6 usage

  45. IPv6 Tunneling IPv6 Network IPv6 Tunnel Transport Layer Header IPv6 Header Data IPv6 Tunnel Service Provider IPv4 Backbone Transport Layer Header IPv4 Header IPv6 Header Data IPv6 Tunnel IPv6 Network

  46. Translation • May prefer to use IPv6-IPv4 protocol translation for: • New kinds of IPv6 devices (e.g., cell phones, cars, appliances) accessing IPv4 servers resources over the Internet • Smoothly deploying IPv6 on a campus network, providing v4-v6 communications • This is a simple extension to NAT techniques, to translate header format as well as addresses • IPv6 nodes behind a translator get full IPv6 functionality when talking to other IPv6 nodes located anywhere • Methods used to improve NAT functionality (e.g., ALGs) can be used equally to improve IPv6-IPv4 functionality

  47. IPv4-IPv6 Translation: NAT-PT NAT-PT IPv4 Network IPv4/v6 Network V4 + v6 host, router V4-only host, router v4-only link v4 + v6 link

  48. NBEN IPv6 Project in 2000 • NTHU, NDHU, CCU deployed IPv6 applications • DNS • WWW • Email (SMTP, POP3, IMAP) • Files Transfer (FTP) • Remote Access (TELNET, SSH)

  49. WWW Server & Browser

  50. NBEN IPv6 Project in 2001 • Pure IPv6 environment on backbone (no tunneling) • NTHU, NDHU, CCU ready before 9/30. • All GigaPOPs ready before 12/31. • Mobile IPv6 • VOD on IPv6, Layer 7 Switching Router for IPv6 • VoIPv6 • BGP4+ peering with other IPv6 networks

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