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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Life-Threatening Emergencies. Life-Threatening . Unconscious person Not breathing Trouble breathing Shows no signs of life Severe bleeding. Call or Care. Unconscious adult call first Unconscious child give 2 minutes of care then call

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Life-Threatening Emergencies

  2. Life-Threatening • Unconscious person • Not breathing • Trouble breathing • Shows no signs of life • Severe bleeding

  3. Call or Care • Unconscious adult call first • Unconscious child give 2 minutes of care then call • Child with a history of heart problems call first • If a child is small enough you can carry them to the phone as you are giving care

  4. Recovery Position • Breathing unconscious person • If you are alone and have to leave a victim • Over 30 min in recovery position check for circulation • Rotate to opposite if needed • Spinal injury place victim in H.A.I.N.E.S. recovery position

  5. Airway • Pathway • Nose and/or mouth • Windpipe • Infant and child airways are smaller • Airway must be open for air to reach lungs

  6. Oxygen • Air reaches the lungs • Oxygen is transferred to the blood • Heart pumps blood • Blood flows through blood vessels taken oxygen to: • Brain • Heart • Other parts of the body

  7. Breathing Emergency • Difficult for air to travel to lungs • Airway is blocked so air does not reach lungs

  8. Results • Heart soon stops • Blood no longer flows • Brain cells begin to die in 4-6 minutes • Within minutes brain damage or death

  9. Respiratory Distress • Breathing becomes difficult • Most common breathing emergency • Can lead to respiratory arrest • Partially obstructed airway • Illness • Chronic conditions such as asthma • Heart attack • Drugs • Poisons • Emotional distress

  10. Respiratory Arrest Breathing stops

  11. Breathing Emergencies • Recognize breathing emergencies in children and infants before heart stops • Heart usually stops as a result of a breathing emergency • Adults heart stop beating because they are diseased

  12. Trouble Breathing • Conscious person who is having trouble breathing • Identify by watching and listening to person

  13. Signals of breathing Emergencies • Trouble breathing • Slow or rapid • Unusually deep or shallow • Gasping • Wheezing gurgling or making high-pitched noises • Unusually moist or cool skin • Flushed pale ashen or bluish skin color

  14. Signals Continue • Dizziness or lightheadedness • Pain in the chest or tingling in hands feet or lips • Apprehensive or fearful feelings • Shortness of breath

  15. Caring for Breathing Emergencies • Breathing too fast, slow, noisy or painful • Call 9-1-1 • Trouble breathing • Rest in a comfortable position, usually sitting • May have difficulty talking • ask them to nod or shake head • Reassure the person to reduce anxiety

  16. Get info from bystanders • Do they know anything about the condition of the person • Hyperventilation is caused by emotions • Excitement, or fear • Tell them to relax, breathe slowly

  17. Choking • Common breathing emergency • Airway is blocked by foreign object • Food, small toy, swelling in the mouth or throat, or by fluids such as vomit or blood • Partially blocked airway • Can breathe with difficulty • Blocked airway • Can not breathe at all

  18. Partially Blocked Airway • May be able to get enough air into the lungs to cough or make wheezing sounds. • May speak • Let the victim cough up the object • Stay with victim and encourage to cough • Call 9-1-1 if object is not dislodged

  19. Completely blocked Airway • Person can not speak, cough, breathe • May cough weakly or high pitched noises • Act at Once!! • Call 9-1-1 • Give Care • 5 back blows • 5 abdominal thrusts

  20. Special Situations • Pregnant or too big • Give chest thrusts • Position hands on breastbone • Alone • Lean over and press you abdomen against firm object • You can give abdominal thrusts to a victim in a wheel chair

  21. Conscious Chocking Infant • Can easily swallow small objects • Pebbles, coins, beads, parts of toys, and foods • This can block the airway • If they can not cough, cry, or breathe • Call 9-1-1 • Give 5 back blows • Give 5 chest thrusts

  22. Positioning • Face up on your forearm • Put other hand on top • thumb and fingers to hold jaw • Sandwich between forearms • Turn over so face is down • Support arms on thighs • Head is lower then the chest

  23. Back Blows • Give 5 firm back blows • Use the heal of your hand • Between shoulder blades • Maintain support

  24. Chest Thrusts • Continue to support head & body • Turn face up onto opposite thigh • Locate center of chest this is the area between nipples • Using 2-3 fingers give chest thrust • Compress ½ to 1 inch

  25. Prevention • Don’t leave small objects out • Sit in high chair while eating • Soft foods • Slow down when eating • No small foods, nuts, popcorn, grapes, etc. • Parts of toys can not come off • Cut food up • Supervise eating

  26. Common Causes • Adult • Dentures • Adult/Child • Swallowing large pieces of food • Alcohol before or during eating • Dentures • Eating while talking excitedly or laughing

  27. Common Causes • Child/Infant • Swallowing small objects or small pieces of food, which can block airway • Infant • A less than fully developed airway • Not fully developed eating skills

  28. Rescue Breathing for Infant • Body systems will fail in minutes without oxygen • ABC’s for no longer than 10 seconds • Look • Listen • feel • Not breathing, but shows signs of life, start rescue breathing

  29. Steps in Rescue Breathing • Cover mouth & nose • 2 rescue breaths • Last 1 second • Pause in between • Watch chest rise • If chest doesn’t rise re-tilt head & chin lift • Check pulse 10 seconds • Inside upper arm

  30. Rescue Breathing Infant • No pulse • Continue rescue breaths • 1 breath every 3 seconds • Gentle breaths • Check ABC’s every 2 minutes for no longer than 10 seconds

  31. Give Care Until • Scene becomes unsafe • Begins to breathe • Too exhausted to continue • Trained responder arrives

  32. Special Situations • Air in Stomach • Victim may vomit • Contents can get into lungs & block breathing • Vomiting • Roll person on their side & wipe mouth • Mouth-to-nose Stoma Breathing • Hole in neck give breaths through neck • Submersion Victims • Give 2 min of care call 9-1-1

  33. Rescue Breathing Adult • head tilt chin lift • Pinch nose • Cover mouth • Blow in to make chest rise • Should last 1 second

  34. Rescue Breathing Child • 1every 3 seconds • Pinch nose • Make seal over mouth • Blow to make chest rise • Should last 1 second • After 2 minutes recheck ABC’s for no more than 10 sec

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