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MEMORY

MEMORY. What is memory?. Memory : The retention of information over time. 3 Ways our memory works:. Encoding : How information gets into memory Storage : The retention of information over time Retrieval : Finding information in memory stores and bringing it to awareness.

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MEMORY

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  1. MEMORY

  2. What is memory? • Memory: The retention of information over time

  3. 3 Ways our memory works: • Encoding: How information gets into memory • Storage: The retention of information over time • Retrieval: Finding information in memory stores and bringing it to awareness

  4. WHAT NUMBERS DO YOU SEE? • 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 …

  5. MEMORY ENCODING • Encoding can be automatic and effortless or require effort and processing.

  6. WHICH LETTER COMES NEXT? • N , Y , X , M , __?

  7. N , Y , X , M , V

  8. MEMORY STORAGE • Sensory Memory: • Echoic-

  9. Iconic memory:

  10. Working or Short-Term Memory • Working memory: limited capacity memory in which information is retained for about 18-30 seconds. • Also called “working memory” because it helps us do much of our mental work.

  11. Working memory has limited storage capacity – 7 ± 2 (5-9 items).

  12. Serial position effect: Recall is superior for the items at the beginning of a list and the end of a list.

  13. REHEARSAL & CHUNKING • Rehearsal is a conscious repetition of information; increases time information stays in memory. • Example: Getting a phone number.

  14. Chunking is an organizational strategy that involves grouping information together into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units. • 9157355524343034178639

  15. Chunking is an organizational strategy that involves grouping information together into higher-order units that can be remembered as single units. • 9157355524343034178639 • 1 (573) 555-2434; (303)417-8639; pin #

  16. 3 TYPES OF MEMORIES • Episodic: Memory for __________________ • Procedural: Memory for how to _____ something • Semantic: Knowledge about the _____________

  17. LONG-TERM MEMORY • Long-term memory: relatively permanent memory that holds huge amounts of information for long periods of time.

  18. TIME & EMOTION

  19. How do we remember? Write down what you did last Friday night.

  20. Memories are not so much recalled as they are constructed (or reconstructed.)

  21. Tip of the Tongue (TOT)

  22. Retrieval Cues • RECALL • Who won the election of 2000? • Where do the Nuggets play?

  23. CUED RECALL:

  24. Which is easier? Recall: Who was President before George W. Bush? Or Recognition: Who was President before George W. Bush? a. Obama b. Bush Sr. c. Clinton d. Regan

  25. How reliable are memories?

  26. Did You Know? • Up to 25% of adults remember childhood events that did not happen

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