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Temple of Vestal Virgins, Rome Corinthia ( Purdue Univ., HI101 ) (also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra). Temple of Saturn, Rome Menatius Minor ( Lacus Curtius database ). Forum Romanum (Scribner Library database). Roman Forum (panorama).
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Temple of Vestal Virgins, Rome Corinthia (Purdue Univ., HI101) (also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra)
Temple of Saturn, Rome Menatius Minor (Lacus Curtius database)
Forum Romanum(Scribner Library database)
Ara Pacis: Altar of Peace in Rome Malus (Purdue Univ., HI101) (also Temple of Vestal Virgins and Pantheon in Rome, Temple of Baal in Palmyra)
Ara Pacis exterior Thrax (Maecenas: Ara Pacis; Maecenas: Images of Greece & Rome; from Electronic Resources for Classicists)
Roman Temples (Pantheon interior) Scintilla (2020site.org)
Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii Isis (Bates College Prof. Imber’s webpages)
Temple of Jupiter, Pompeii (reconstruction) Homerus (Beloit College, course on Pompeii)
Pompeii Forum (Scribner Library database)
Temple of Jupiter, Minerva, Juno in Ostia (image 1; 2) Leucothea (VRoma database)
Temple, Ostia (reconstruction) Soprintendenza Archeologica di Ostia Antica
Temple of Bacchus Artemidorus (“Leading Arab-American Website”)
Diana / Artemis of Ephesus Cephisia (UMass student paper)
Mithras: initiation/mystery cults Oleosa (Museum of Antiquities, Univ. of Newcastle)
Mithras: initiation/mystery cults Sequana (Perseus database)
Roman Religion Mythology adopted from Greece State religion: to preserve the res publica Originally agricultural, with gods responsible for all natural phenomena Formalistic rituals with sacrifices Part of daily life: worship in home Closely connected to politics and society: forum sacred, political, mercantile
Roman Religion Not static, absorbing gods from Etruscans, Greeks (anthropomorphic deities) Fall of res publica 1st c. BCE due to neglect of the gods Augustus’ revival: massive construction, revival of rituals and cults Expansion of empire increasing contact with other cultures and religious syncretism Foreign gods recognized as Roman ones
Roman Religion Could slaves worship? Benevolent Society of Diana and Antinous, Lanuvium, 136 CE: Meet once/month, special feasts, rituals ~Social club offering companionship and assurance of decent burial “… if a slave member of this society dies … a token funeral ceremony will be held” Were there limitations? Inscription from altar in Lanuvium: MAVORTIO SACR[?]. HOC SIGNUM A SERVO TANGI NEFAS EST. “Sacred(?) to Mars. It is unlawful for this image to be touched by a slave.”