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EFFECTS OF FREEZE DRYING ON PAPER

EFFECTS OF FREEZE DRYING ON PAPER. INTRODUCTION. OBJECTIVES MATERIALS USED EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TREATMENT OF SAMPLES TEST METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION. 2. INTRODUCTION. 3. INTRODUCTION.

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EFFECTS OF FREEZE DRYING ON PAPER

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  1. EFFECTS OF FREEZE DRYINGON PAPER

  2. INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES MATERIALS USED EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TREATMENT OF SAMPLES TEST METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION 2

  3. INTRODUCTION 3

  4. INTRODUCTION to investigate how freeze drying effects paper characteristics critical to preservation of archive and library materials to determine how freeze drying might effect the mechanical strengthand ageing stability of paper 4

  5. INTRODUCTION 5

  6. MATERIALS USED 6

  7. MATERIALS USED Groundwood paper / Paper 1 7

  8. MATERIALS USED Cotton paper / Paper 2 8

  9. MATERIALS USED Coated paper / Paper 3 9

  10. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 10

  11. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 11

  12. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES Soaking in demineralized water 12

  13. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES Freeze drying by cold chamber wall 13

  14. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES Freeze drying by warm chamber wall 14

  15. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES 15

  16. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES Accelerated ageing 16

  17. TREATMENT OF SAMPLES Accelerated ageing 12 days (288 hours) 90 ºC 50 % RH 17

  18. TEST METHODS Moisture content SCAN P 4:63 Alkali reserve ISO 10716 Folding endurance SCAN P 17:77 Tearing resistance SCAN P 11:73 Zero span tensile Cowan/TAPPI 231 (dry and wet determination) 18

  19. RESULTS & DISCUSSION freeze drying particulary influences moisture content, folding endurance and tearing resistance freeze drying and accelerated ageing influence moisture content, folding endurance and tearing resistance in the samples, but differently from one paperquality to another the effect on alkali reserve and zero span tensile strength is relatively small 19

  20. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Folding enduranceGroundwood paper / Paper 1 Log 10 / GM Reference 20

  21. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Zero span dryGroundwood paper / Paper 1 Nm/g / GM Reference 21

  22. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Tearing resistanceGroundwood paper / Paper 1 mNm2/g / GM Reference 22

  23. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Moisture contentGroundwood paper / Paper 1 Moisture content % Reference 23

  24. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Folding enduranceCotton paper / Paper 2 Log 10 / GM Reference 24

  25. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Tearing resistanceCotton paper / Paper 2 mNm2/g / GM Reference 25

  26. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Folding enduranceCoated paper / Paper 3 Log 10 / GM Reference 26

  27. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Tearing resistanceCoated paper / Paper 3 mNm2/g / GM Reference 27

  28. RESULTS & DISCUSSION 28

  29. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Retention of folding endurance andtearing resistance after accelerated ageing Retention % 29

  30. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Retention of zero span tensilestrength after accelerated ageing Retention % 30

  31. CONCLUSION 31

  32. CONCLUSION freeze drying particularly influences moisture content, folding endurance and tearing resistance freeze drying and accelerated ageing effect moisture content, folding endurance and tearing resistance differently in various paperqualities freeze drying of groundwood paper and alum-rosin sized paper with a high amount of fillers reduces the mechanical strength 32

  33. CONCLUSION freeze drying of cotton paper with a high content of calcium carbonate has a relatively limited effect on mechanical strength and ageing stability freeze drying of coated paper particularly reduces folding endurance 33

  34. CONCLUSION 34

  35. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Jonas Palm, The Royal Library Grethe Jørgensen, The School of Conservation Jørn Bredal-Jørgensen, The School of Conservation Anette Linde, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Inst. Poul Jensen, The National Museum Julie Fryd Johansen, The Royal Library Stora Papyrus, Grycksbo 35

  36. Thank you for yourattention 36

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