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Sound and Waves

Sound and Waves. What is sound?*. Sound begins with a vibration . Sounds travel in waves through a medium . What is a wave?*. Energy is transferred through a wave . A wave is the direction and speed energy travels in back and forth or up-and-down motion.

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Sound and Waves

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  1. Sound and Waves

  2. What is sound?* • Sound begins with a vibration. • Sounds travel in waves through a medium.

  3. What is a wave?* • Energy is transferred through a wave. A wave is the direction and speed energy travels in back and forth or up-and-down motion. • Mechanical waves- travel through a medium • Electromagnetic waves- do not need a medium to travel • Can you think of examples of each? • Which one does this picture represent? • Sound waves are mechanical because they need a medium to travel.

  4. Mechanical Waves* Transverse Waves • The motion of the medium is perpendicular to the motion of the wave • Up and Down Waves • Longitudinal Waves • The motion of the medium is parallel to the motion of the wave • Back and Forth Waves • **Sound Waves**

  5. Another View

  6. Longitudinal Waves* Compression • When waves are close together Rarefaction • When waves are far apart

  7. Transverse Waves* • Crest- highest point on a wave • Amplitude- Volume of a wave (height of a wave) • As wave height increases, volume increases • Measured in Decibels • Trough- lowest point on a wave • Frequency- Pitch, high or low (length of a wave) • As wavelength increases, pitch decreases • Measured in Hertz

  8. Amplitude versus Frequency Amplitude • Which one will have the higher volume? Frequency • Which one will have the higher pitch?

  9. What can you hear? Decibels (dB): Volume • Normal Speech: 60dB • Library: 40dB • Close Whisper: 20dB • Jet Engine: 140dB • Loud Rock Music: 110dB • Subway Train: 100dB • Busy Street Traffic: 70dB • 120dB or above usually causes pain to the ear Hertz (Hz): Pitch • Young people can hear frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz • Dogs can hear frequencies that range from 67-45,000 Hz • As you age, your ability to hear high frequency sound decreases.

  10. Now you will create a diagram for the parts of a wave. • Use string and tape. • An example is on the next slide.

  11. Diagram of a Transverse Wave* CREST AMPLITUDE TROUGH WAVELENGTH

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