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Grouping the Elements

Grouping the Elements. A sample square. BrainPOP Periodic Table. Grouping the Elements. The elements in a family or group in the periodic table often, but not always, share similar properties.

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Grouping the Elements

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  1. Grouping the Elements

  2. A sample square BrainPOP Periodic Table

  3. Grouping the Elements • The elements in a family or group in the periodic table often, but not always, share similar properties. • The properties are the same because the elements have the same number of electrons in their outer energy level.

  4. Reactive elements • Atoms in these elements take, give, or share electrons with other atoms in order to fill the outer valence shell. They do this to form a compound with another element.

  5. Hydrogen • Electrons in outer level: 1 • Don’t match the properties of any groups • Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own. • Most abundant element in the universe • Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas. • Hydrogen reacts violently with oxygen. The hot water vapor that forms as a result pushed the space shuttle into orbit. • Placed above the group 1 elements because it has only 1 electron in it’s valance shell and can give one away • Properties are more like atoms of alkali metals • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg. • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for cars

  6. Group 1: Alkali Metals • Electrons in outer level: 1 • 1st column on the periodic table (Group 1) not including hydrogen. • Most often found in compounds • Soft, silver-colored, shiny, low density • are soft enough to be cut with a knife • the densities of some elements are less than water • Most reactive of the metals • easily give away the single electron from the valence shell • React violently with water (Stored in oil to prevent reacting with water and oxygen in the atmosphere)

  7. Group 2: Alkaline-earth Metals • Electrons in outer level: 2 • Second column on the periodic table. (Group 2) • Still reactive but not as reactive as Group 1 because they have 2 electrons to give away in the valence shell • Typically found in compounds such as calcium in chalk, plaster, cement, and of course, humans!

  8. Groups 3-12: Transition Metals • Properties vary widely • The atoms of the transition metals do not give away their electrons as easily as in Groups 1 and 2 so they are less reactive. • Properties: shiny, good conductors of thermal energy and electric current, higher densities and melting points Transition Metals (yellow)

  9. Lanthanides and Actinides • These bottom two rows from Periods 6 and 7on the periodic table are placed at the bottom to keep the table from being too wide Lanthanides Actinides

  10. Lanthanides • Named lanthanides because they follow the element lanthanum • Shiny, reactive metals • Some are used to make different types of steel Lanthanides

  11. Actinides • Actinides follow the element actinium • All are radioactive, which means they are unstable • Atoms from a radioactive element can change into atoms of a different element • Elements after plutonium (94) do not occur in nature Actinides

  12. Group 13: Boron Group • Electrons in outer level: 3 • Group contains 1 metalloid and 4 metals • Reactive • Solid at room temperature • Most common element is Al (aluminum) • Al is most abundant metal in Earth’s crust • 1880’s Al more valuable than gold

  13. Group 14: Carbon Group • Electrons in outer level: 4 • Group contains 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals • Reactivity varies among the elements • Solid at room temp • 2 metalloids in this group make computer chips • Diamonds and soot are both natural forms of carbon!

  14. Group 15: Nitrogen Group • Electrons in outer level: 5 • Group contains 2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, and 1 metal • Reactivity varies among the elements • All but nitrogen are solid at room temperature; nitrogen is a gas at room temp • Nitrogen non reactive, phosphorous extremely reactive and only found combined with other elements in nature

  15. Group 16: Oxygen Group • Electrons in outer level: 6 • Group contains 3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, and 1 metal. • All but oxygen are solid at room temperature • Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.) • Reactive

  16. Groups 17 and 18:Nonmetals Only • Group 17: Most reactive nonmetals • Group 18: Least reactive nonmetals; normally won’t react with other elements

  17. Group 17: Halogens • Electrons in outer level: 7 • Contains only nonmetals • Very reactive because they need to gain only 1 electron to complete valance • Poor conductors of electric current • React violently with alkali metals to form salts • Never found uncombined in nature and combine readily with other atoms, esp metals • Physical properties of atoms in this group are different

  18. Group 18: Noble Gases 18 • Electrons in outer level: 8 (2 for helium) • Contains nonmetals only • Unreactive under normal conditions • Colorless, odorless gases at room temp • All are found in Earth’s atmosphere in small amounts • Argon is the most abundant noble gas

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