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Covalent Molecules

Covalent Molecules. Quiz on Friday, January 10. Review of Ionic Bonding. Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal , or between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle. Ionic bonds involve a transfer of electrons.

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Covalent Molecules

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  1. Covalent Molecules Quiz on Friday, January 10

  2. Review of Ionic Bonding • Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal, or between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle. • Ionic bonds involve a transfer of electrons. • Can you identify which of the following are joined by ionic bonds? • NaCl - K3N - MgBr2 • CO2 - N2 - Al2O3

  3. Covalent Bonding • Covalent bonds occur between two nonmetals. • A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently. • Covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.

  4. Diatomic Molecules • Certain elements occur in nature as diatomic molecules and not as single atoms (more stable as the molecule) • Examples: • H2, N2, O2, • F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 • Diatomic Molecules are bonded together by covalent bonds.

  5. H H H O O + + = H or H O H + + = + Cl C C Cl Cl Cl Cl + or Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl C Cl Cl Lewis Structures • Use electron-dot diagrams to show how electrons are arranged in molecules. • A dot represents a valence electron and a line represents a shared pair of valence electrons. H2O CCl4

  6. Important Definitions • Chemical Formula: a representation, using symbols, showing the different types and number of atoms that make up a given compound or molecule • Subscript: small number, written behind an element, showing how many atoms of that element are found in a compound or molecule

  7. Naming Molecular Compounds • The first element written in the formula is always written first, using the element name. • The second element is named using the root of the element and the suffix “-ide”. • Prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms of each type that are present in the compound. • Exception: Do not use the prefix mono- for the first element • Drop the final letter of the prefix when the element name begins with a vowel

  8. Table 1: Common Prefixes Used in Covalent Compounds

  9. What Does Naming Look Like? Carbon tetrachloride Carbon monoxide Nitrogen trifluoride Nitrogen monoxide 1. CCl4: 2. CO: 3. NF3: 4. NO:

  10. Now, you practice Carbon monoxide • CO2: ________________________________ • SO2: ________________________________ • S2O3: _______________________________ • N2O: _______________________________ • PCl5: ________________________________ • OF2: _____________________________ • N2O4: _____________________________ • S4N4: ______________________________ • SiCl4: ______________________________ • BF3: ________________________________ Sulfur dioxide Disulfur trioxide Dinitrogen monoxide Phosphorous tetrachloride Oxygen difluoride Dinitrogen tetroxide Tetrasulfur tetranitride Silicon tetrachloride Boron trifluoride

  11. What’s the formula? SeF6 • Selenium hexafluoride: ___________ • Disilicon hexabromide: __________ • Diboron silicide: __________ • Iodine pentafluoride: ________ • Hexaboron silicide: ________ • Diboron tetrabromide: _______ • Diphosphorous pentoxide: ______ • Carbon tetrafluoride: ________ • Tetraphosphorous pentasulfide: _______ • Hexasulfur oxide: _________ Si2Br6 B2Si IF5 B6Si B2Br4 P2O5 CF4 P4S5 S6O

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