Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

1. David (1501-1504), Michelangelo 17.1 Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance The Italian Renaissance is a rebirth of learning that produces many great works of art and literature.

2. Italy’s Advantages • The Renaissance • Renaissance—an explosion of creativity in art, writing, and thought • Started in northern Italy • Thriving cities • Wealthy merchant class • Classical heritage of Greece and Rome • Lasted from 1300-1600

3. City-states • Crusades spur trade • Growth of city-states in N. Italy • 1300s-Plague disrupts trade • Merchants turned to art due to fewer laborers

4. Italy’s Advantages • Merchants and the Medici • A wealthy merchant class develops • More emphasis on individual achievement • Banking family, the Medici, controls Florence • Looking to Greece and Rome • Artists and scholars study ruins of Rome, and study Latin and Greek manuscripts • Scholars move to Rome after the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

5. Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici 1478 - 1521 1517 - 1574

6. Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

8. Classical and Worldly Values • Classics Lead to Humanism • Humanism—intellectual movement focused on human achievements • Humanists studied classical texts, history, literature, and philosophy • Worldly Pleasures • Renaissance society was secular—worldly • Wealthy enjoyed fine food, homes, and clothes • Church leaders became wealthy, as well

9. Classical and Worldly Values • Patrons of the Arts • Patron—a financial supporter of artists • Church leaders spend money on artworks to beautify cities • Wealthy merchants also patrons of the arts • The Renaissance Man • Excels in many fields: the classics, art, politics, and combat • Baldassare Castiglione’s (pictured right)The Courtier (1528) teaches how to become a “universal” person

10. Classical and Worldly Values • The Renaissance Woman • Upper-class, educated in classics, charming • Expected to inspire art but not create it • Isabella d’Este, patron of the artists, wields power in Mantua

11. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Artistic Styles Change • Artists use realistic style copied from classical art, often to portray religious subjects • Painters use perspective—a way to show three dimensions on canvas • Realistic Painting and Sculpture • Realistic portraits of prominent citizens • Sculpture shows natural postures and expressions • The biblical David is a favorite subject among sculptors (although he looks more like a classical Greek)

12. CENSORED

13. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni • Portrait painted after 1535 of Michelangelo at the age of 60 by Jacopino del Conte • The novel and film The Agony and the Ecstasy is about him painting the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II.

14. Photo of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

15. Sistine Chapel-- Michelangelo

16. Sistine Chapel-- Michelangelo

17. The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo, found of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

18. Michelangelo’s The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel

19. Adam Expulsion Eve Temptation and Expulsion from Eden 1508-12

20. Christ the Judge

21. St Bartholomew holds his own skin.

22. A Damned Man Minos– a judge in the underworld

23. The Saved

24. La Pieta Michelangelo 1500

25. Moses Michelangelo 1513-1515

26. Unfinished Slaves - Michelangelo

27. Unfinished Pietas…

29. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Leonardo, Renaissance Man • Leonardo da Vinci—painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist • Paints one of the best-known portraits in the world: the Mona Lisa • Famous religious painting: The Last Supper

30. Mona LisaOR da Vinci??

31. Leonardo’s Work: Painting Left: Mona Lisa Above: The Last Supper

32. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

33. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!

34. Leonardo’s Work: Science & Medicine The Vitruvian Man Studies of a fetus from Leonardo's journals

35. Leonardo’s Work: Science & Medicine Investigating the motion of the arm Organs of a Woman’s Body

36. Leonardo’s Work: Inventions Design of a flying machine based on bat’s wings

37. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Raphael Advances Realism • Raphael Sanzio, famous for his use of perspective • Favorite subject: the Madonna and child • Famous painting: School of Athens

38. School of Athens by Raphael

39. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 • One point perspective. • All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included  all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts • A great variety of poses. • Located in the papal apartments library. • Raphael worked on this commission simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel. • No Christian themes here.

40. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11 Da Vinci Raphael Michelangelo

41. The School of Athens – Raphael, details Plato:looks to theheavens [or the IDEALrealm]. Aristotle:looks to thisearth [thehere andnow].

42. Averroes Hypatia Pythagoras

43. Zoroaster Ptolemy Euclid

44. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Women Painters • Sofonisba Anguissola (pictured right): first woman artist to gain world renown

45. The Renaissance Revolutionizes Art • Women Painters • Artemisia Gentileschi (self portrait below) paints strong, heroic women (see right). Judith Slaying Holofernes(1614-20) Oil on canvas 199 x 162 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

46. Renaissance Writers Change Literature • New Trends in Writing • Writers use the vernacular—their native language • Self-expression or to portray individuality of the subject • Petrarch and Boccaccio • Francesco Petrarch, humanist and poet; woman named Laura is his muse • Boccaccio is best known for the Decameron, a series of stories

47. Renaissance Writers Change Literature • Machiavelli Advises Rulers • Niccolo Machievelli, author of a political guidebook, The Prince • The Prince examines how rulers can gain and keep power

48. Renaissance Writers Change Literature • Vittoria Colonna • Woman writer with great influence • Poems express personal emotions