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Ancient Greece 2000 B.C.E. – 133 B.C.E.

Ancient Greece 2000 B.C.E. – 133 B.C.E. Despite their cultural ties, the Greek city-states were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states. . The Persian Wars: Overview.

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Ancient Greece 2000 B.C.E. – 133 B.C.E.

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  1. Ancient Greece2000 B.C.E. – 133 B.C.E.

  2. Despite their cultural ties, the Greek city-states were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states. The Persian Wars: Overview

  3. United, the city-states defeated the Persians and ended the threat of Persian invasions. Persian prisoners The Persian Wars: Overview

  4. The First Persian War 546 B.C • Cause • Persian Empire conquers Greek colonies in Ionia • Response • Ionians refuse to pay tribute and begin to rebel • Secretly the Athenians send weapons & a ship to aide the rebellion

  5. The First Persian War 546 B.C • Result: • Darius I of Persia crushes rebellion • leaves Athens alone but… Greek vs. Persian

  6. The Second Persian War 490 BC • Cause • Revenge for Athenian interference • “Master, Remember the Athenians” every day a servant said that to King Darius!

  7. The Second Persian War 490 BC • Results • Battle of Marathon • Outnumbered Greeks defeat Persians • 6,400 Persians die! • Pheidippides carries message of victory home to Athens 26 miles • The distance of the marathon. “Rejoice, we conquer.” Then he died.

  8. The Second Persian War 490 BC • Results • build fleet of faster ships to prepare for another attack • Athens asks other city-states to form an alliance (1st ever in Greek history)

  9. Third Persian War 480 B.C. • Cause • Persians want revenge • Come after Athens by land and by sea Major Battles • Battle of Thermopylae Led by Spartan King Leonidas 6,000 Spartans vs. 200,000 Persians Athens is burned

  10. Third Persian War 480 B.C. Major Battles • Strait of Salamis: Naval Battle Persian fleet sunk -Forced to retreat! • Battle of Plataea a year later final Persia forces defeated Battle of Salamis

  11. Third Persian War: The Outcome! • Results • Athens increases its status among the city-states. • Athens wants a permanent alliance with the city-states but with them at the head. • Sparta is upset!

  12. The Delian League Formed • Alliance headed by Pericles of Athens • To defend further Persian invasion • Collected dues from members • Problems • Forced members to remain • Used $ to rebuild Athens • Promoted democracies only Sparta jealous!

  13. The Impact of the Persian Wars • Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state. • Athens organized the Delian League, an alliance with 150 Greek city-states and colonies in the Aegean region. • Athens used the Delian League to create an Athenian empire. • With Pericles as its leader, Athens enters into its Golden Age! But who was paying bill? • Sparta will eventually form an opposing alliance with the neutral city-states

  14. The Peloponnesian War: The Alliance System Fails!

  15. Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League. Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy… Which life style would influence the other city-states? Which type of government? The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES

  16. Simulation: Diplomacy of War • Divide into groups of three • Read simulation instructions • You have 20 minute to complete the simulation and then report to the class.

  17. The Peloponnesian War • Athens abusing funds from Delian League • 27 year war ensues • Enthusiasm for the war high on both sides • Pericles brings all the people into the city • He depends on the navy, high walls and food supplies to string out the war

  18. "long wall" strategy of Pericles

  19. A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens! • However a plague hits and nothing can stop the disease…morale is low.. • Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population • Most believe it was typhus: high fever and rash • Plague sweeps through a total of 3 times during the war • Generals are dead, Pericles is dead, no leadership

  20. Pericles’ Funeral Oration Pericles gave a speech at the annual funeral of Athenians slain in battle. This speech is considered one of the earliest and greatest expressions of democratic ideals. Athenians believed they were fighting for a principle and a life-style “good” for all Greece.

  21. Pericles’ Funeral Oration “Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people. We alone regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs not as harmless, but as a useless character.” --Pericles’ 431 B.C.

  22. The Peloponnesian War • Sparta builds a blockade around the walls… • No supplies or food from the countryside • Athens surrenders! • All the Greek city- states divided and chaos!

  23. Persia gained control of many city-states Defeated democracy in Greece Sparta would eventually fall to Persia Athen’s cultural influence continues The Peloponnesian War: Effects

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