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MALARIA

MALARIA. MALARIA. History The disease How people get Malaria ( transmission) Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Preventive measures Where malaria occurs in the world. History. Discovery of the Malaria Parasite (1880): Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran.

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MALARIA

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  1. MALARIA

  2. MALARIA • History • The disease • How people get Malaria ( transmission) • Symptoms and Diagnosis • Treatment • Preventive measures • Where malaria occurs in the world

  3. History Discovery of the Malaria Parasite (1880):Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Discovery That Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites (1897-1898):Ronald Ross

  4. What is malaria? • It ’s a disease caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. • In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. • 4 kinds of malaria parasites : Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae.

  5. How is Malaria transmitted? • Infected mosquito's bites (only infective female Anopheles mosquito). • Other rares cases : *blood transfusion, *organ transplantation, *needles, syringes, *mother to her unborn child( congenital malaria)

  6. Anophele mosquito feeding on a human arm.

  7. Symptoms • More commonly, the patient presents a combination of the following symptoms: *Fever, chills * Headaches, sweats * Nausea and vomiting * Body aches * General malaise

  8. Diagnosis • Microscopic examination of blood films because each of the four parasite species has distinguishing characteristics(it’s the most economic, prefered, and reliable diagnosis ). • Antigen detection teststhat require only a drop of blood (In areas where microscopy is not available, or where laboratory staff are not experienced at malaria diagnosis ).

  9. Treatment • Treatment for malaria depends on several factors: the species of malaria causing infection, severity of infection, the age of the infected individual… • There are several families of drugs used to treat malaria: * Chloroquine(therapy and prophylaxis) * Quinine (Therapy only) *Doxycycline(Therapy and prophylaxis)

  10. Prevention • Personal measures to avoid mosquitoes: *Sleeping under bed nets * Wear protective clothing ( for example Wear light-coloured because dark colours attract mosquitoes). *Using insect repellent • Antimalarial medication (prophylaxis) • There is currently no malaria vaccine approved for human use.

  11. Where malaria occurs in the world • Malaria is found in warmer regions of the world, in tropical and subtropical countries including Americas, Asia and Africa(malaria-risk areas). • Malaria causes about 400–900 million cases of fever • approximately 1 to 3 million deaths annually • this represents at least one death every 30 seconds.

  12. Distribution and impact of malaria in the world

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