World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002

1. World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002

2. WSSD Preparations 1. Background 1. Background  Global  Regional 2. Main Issue  Cloud of Issue  Shared Vision  Way Forward 3. Asia Pacific Preparations  Partnership  Report  Timeframe

3. Environment Agencies Integration Creation Global Milestone • 1972 – Stockholm Conference  Creation of environmental agencies  Formulation of environmental legislations/ regulations • 1982 – 10 years after Stockholm  More environmental institutions  Formulation of environmental legislations • 1987 – Brundtland Commission’s ‘Our Common Future’  Pushed for integration of environment into macro operations and sectoral policies  Importance for creation of environmental cells in sectoral departments or agencies

4. Global Milestone • 1992 – UNCED •  Brought ‘the environment’ to political agenda of governments •  Introduce the concept on Sustainable Development •  Countries committed to the implementation of Agenda21 • 1997 – Rio+5 •  5-year review of progress achieved on implementation of Agenda 21 • 2002 – Rio+10 •  WSSD, Johannesburg •  10-year review of progress achieved on • implementation of Agenda 21

5. International Development Goals: 2015 • Poverty: Half between 1990 and 2015 • Primary school enrolment: 100% • Gender disparities in education: Complete elimination • Infant mortality: 2/3 reduction from 1990 to 2015 • Maternal mortality: Reduction by 3 quarters • Health service: Access to all • National sustainable strategy: Implementation by 2005 • Loss of environmental resource: Reversal by 2015

6. Asian Indicators • Poverty: 900 million (< $1/day), 75% of global total • Population: 40% below 18 years • Illiterate: ¾ of the world, 2/3 poor women • Child education: 1 in every 4 South Asia not enrolled in Primary school; 50% not enrolled in Secondary school • Malnutrition: 40% children of below 5 years

7. Selected Development Indicators in Asia

8. Environmental Concerns in Asia • Air Pollution • Particulate matter • - 2 times more than world average • - 5 times more than OECD countries • - Highest in South Asia • Water pollution • Organic Pollution - 1.4 times than world average - 1.5 times than OECD countries • Lead in surface water - 20 times more than OECD countries

9. Environmental Concerns in Asia • Forests • 1/3 forest per person than the world average •  SEA: deforestation is acute • Biodiversity • 40% of world distinct flora and fauna • 70-79% of the world wildlife habitat is lost • Wetlands are threatened due to human activities

10. Regional and Subregional Cooperation Environmental Issues • Increasing cooperation in subregional • Cooperation on transboundary air pollution • Sharing water resources and fisheries right • Trade and environment • Global warming/ climate change

11. Tasks Ahead for Asian Countries • Fundamental process changes in economic and environmental policies • System for enforcement of environmental laws • More investment on environment • Capacity building and reforms of institutional mechanism • Promote regional cooperation 

12. WSSD Preparations 1. Background  Global  Regional 2. Main Issue  Cloud of Issue  Shared Vision  Way Forward 3. Asia Pacific Preparations  Partnership  Report  Timeframe 2. Main Issue

13. WSSD: Cloud of Issues • Environmental insecurity: health, freshwater and energy • Policy recommendations: addressing social and economic dimensions and stakeholders participation • Environmental policy: addressing poverty eradication and sustainable livelihood • Economic instruments to check environmental degradation • Health issues: sanitation, water quality, AIDS and making health a key indicator for success of sustainable development • Energy related issues: phasing out of subsidies, reliability of energy supply, Kyoto process

14. WSSD: Cloud of Issues • Forestry issues: sustainable forestry goals, recognize political, economic and environmental dimensions • Freshwater issues: water supply, consumption and sanitation, safe water supply to poverty eradication strategies, public/private partnerships, issues of subsidies • Development aid: demand driven, focus on poor countries, transparent, participation of civil society • Governance issues: implementation, better coordination, sharing lesson learned, improving international environmental negotiation process • Role of science and technology: quality of life, decision making • Integration of local dimensions into global decision making

15. WSSD: Shared Visions • Special focus: development aspects of sustainable development • A new vision on sustainability: challenges, pressure, impact of globalization • Balanced and integrated agenda • Key focus: poverty eradication, consumption and production • Focus on implementation: problems and priority issues • Emerging issues: freshwater, health, AIDS, transport, energy, environmental security

16. WSSD: Shared Visions • Underlying problem: global environmental governance system • New political commitments: international treaties negotiation • Consensus: International Development Goals • Commitments: Regional Action Programme for environmentally sound and sustainable development in AP

17. WSSD: Way Forward • Content • Common clusters for discussion: • Poverty: poverty, food security, social dimension, local governance, financial, etc. • Natural resources: consumption, production, eco-efficiency, economic instruments, freshwater, climate, etc. • Institutional issues: global institutional framework, UN institutional reforms, coordination of treaty regimes, assessment of sustainable strategies, etc.

18. WSSD: Way Forward • Methodology: P-S-I-R • Report • Reporting (20%) • Main achievements, lesson learned, major constrained, institutional and financial requirements, new initiatives and commitments, etc. • Mechanism for implementation (80%) • Identify priority issues and major challenges • Report on priority issues following IDG, MCED • Formulate project proposals on institutional and financial requirements • Formulate mechanisms for implementation

19. WSSD Preparations 1. Background  Global  Regional 2. Main Issue  Cloud of Issue  Shared Vision  Way Forward 3. Asia Pacific Preparations  Partnership  Report  Timeframe 3. Asia Pacific Preparations

20. Asian Development Bank Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP Secretariat Steering Committee & Task Force WSSD Partnership Asia Pacific Region

21. Subregional WSSD Regional NEA SP SEA Secretariat SA Regional Reports CA Subregional Reports Consultations • Roundtable • Intergovernmental Meeting Consultations • Roundtable • Intergovernmental Meeting WSSD Secretariat

22. Preparatory Process • Subregional • Substantive reports: draft and final • Consultations • Stakeholders Meeting: 9 major groups (NGOs, Women groups, Youth groups, Indigenous people, Local authorities, Workers and trade unions, Business and industry, Science and technological community, and Farmers ) • Intergovernmental Meeting (Representatives of Finance, Planning, and Environment Ministries ) • 2001 Venue: Beijing (26-28 July) , Apia (5-7 Sept.), Almaty (19-21 Sept.), Colombo (27-29 Sept.), Manila (17-19 October) • Regional • Synthesis paper: Regional Position Paper • Consultation • Stakeholders Meeting • Intergovernmental Meeting • 2001 Venue: Cambodia (27-29 November)

23. Projected Timetable

24. Timeframe

25. Asian Development Bank Intergovernmental Agencies/Process Regional Resource Centre for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP What is Different? • Partnership  ADB, ESCAP, UNDP, UNEP, Intergovernmental Agencies/Process • Stakeholder Participation  9 major groups • National Governments  Planning, Finance, Environment • Focus on Implementation • Focus as Integrated Sustainable Development • Forward Looking