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Speaking to Inform

Speaking to Inform. How to Prepare for a S peech. What is an Informative Speech?. Provides information to an audience Helps the audience to understand and remember the information you are presenting Expository Speech – gives information about a specific subject

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Speaking to Inform

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  1. Speaking to Inform How to Prepare for a Speech

  2. What is an Informative Speech? • Provides information to an audience • Helps the audience to understand and remember the information you are presenting • Expository Speech – gives information about a specific subject • Your “specific purpose” relates to your thesis statement

  3. Preparing the Speech • Prepare the Introduction: • Attract audience’s attention • Focus attention on the subject • Gain the audience’s goodwill • Methods for beginning a speech • Startling statement • Question • Quotation • Story/anecdote

  4. Preparing the Speech • Organizing the Body – Chronological Order • Arrange details or events according to the order in which they occurred in time • Preparing Your Conclusion • Typically a summary of the main points that lead to and reinforce your thesis statement • Restate the thesis (i.e. concluding thesis statement)

  5. Preparing the Speech • Preparing Your Conclusion (Con’t) • Closing the speech • Quotation • Anecdote/story • A final thought that makes the conclusion more memorable

  6. Delivering the Speech • Credibility • The amount of trust and belief the speaker inspires in the audience • Establish trust that you will give accurate information • Be thoroughly prepared for the speech

  7. Delivering the Speech • Enthusiasm • Be enthusiastic about your topic • Audience will find it difficult to be interested in your topic if you, yourself, are not interested/excited • Having enthusiasm will help to hold your audience’s attention

  8. Delivering the Speech • Eye Contact • Keep/establish eye contact with your audience • If you look at them, they will look at you • Vocal Variety • Vary tone, rate, volume, and pitch to emphasize key points and make the speech more interesting

  9. Delivering the Speech • Clear Articulation and Enunciation • Speak clearly, do not slur your words • Good Pronunciation • This can either help or hurt your credibility • Make sure you know how to pronounce key words and phrases (especially names) within your speech

  10. Delivering the Speech • Good Speaking • Language used must be immediately understandable to the audience • Use to help clarify meaning: • Facial expressions • Gestures • Tone of Voice

  11. Delivering the Speech • Good Speaking (Con’t) • Use Verbal Cues • I think… • That is to say • The point I would like to make • Repeat words and phrases to help aid memory and/or to reinforce points

  12. Delivering the Speech • Choosing the Right Words • To have Clarity (clearness) use: • Simple words • Precise words • Specific words • Concrete words • Simple Words • Familiar • 1-2 syllables • Ex: Cloudy/Nebulous, Avoid/Eschew, Home/Residence

  13. Delivering the Speech • Choosing the Right Words (Con’t) • Precise Words • Expresses thoughts and feelings accurately/exactly • Vague words may have multiple meanings Ex (vague): We had a club meeting yesterday. (precise): We had a (frustrating/boring/noisy) club meeting today. Ex (vague): The boy looked through the window. (precise): The boy (peered/gazed/squinted/spied) through the window.

  14. Delivering the Speech • Choosing the Right Words (Con’t) • Specific Words • Identify items within a category • (General words refer to an entire category) • Specific words help the audience to form a picture in their minds of specific images Ex (general): She brought them several things. (specific): She brought them pencils, paper, and crayons. Ex (general): A bird was at the feeder. (specific): A blue jay was at the feeder.

  15. Delivering the Speech • Choosing the Right Words (Con’t) • Concrete Words • Name things that can be perceived by one or more of the 5 senses Ex: Peanut Butter – names a substance you can touch, taste, smell, and see • Abstract words name things that cannot be perceived by the senses (ideas and beliefs) Ex: Liberty, Fairness, Democracy • Use concrete words to explain abstract words • Ex: We are fighting for democracy. We are fighting for men and women at the voting booth, for workers demanding the right to negotiate, and for students speaking against a proposed law.

  16. Delivering the Speech • Emphasis • The force or special attention given to a particular word or point • Used to signal to the audience exactly what they should remember • Use it sparingly • Repetition: saying something more than once • Restatement is the repetition of an idea using different words • Parallelism is the repetition of words, phrases, or sentences to emphasize an idea or a series of ideas (ex: MLK, “I Have a Dream” speech)

  17. Delivering a Speech • Emphasis (Con’t) • Announcements clearly state your evaluation of a point made in the speech • Ex: • Now I come to what I consider my most important point. • This second idea is the key to understanding the material.

  18. Delivering the Speech • Avoiding Common Language Problems: • Jargon: language of people within a particular group or field, but not necessarily understood by people outside of that field. • Ex: Starboard & Port for Right & Left • Clichés: figurative expression that has been used so often that it has lost its power • Ex: Tried and true; Known far and wide; Cold as ice

  19. Delivering the Speech • Avoiding Common Language Problems: • Euphemisms: words and phrases used in place of words that are thought to be unpleasant/distasteful • Use them to avoid offending the audience, but be careful not to over use • Ex: (euphemism) sanitary engineer, powder room (direct words) garbage collector, bathroom

  20. Delivering the Speech • Avoiding Common Language Problems: • Slang: highly informal language; formed by creating new words or giving common words new meaning • Ex: bread/moolah/dough = money bad/radical = good/excellent trippin’ = overracting • Words with UN-intended meanings: • Connotations are the emotions and associations that are suggested by certain words • Avoid words that stereotype or label people

  21. Introduction Speech • Length: 2 minutes • Possible Topic Information: • Full Name (and how you got it) • Birth place/date • Family • Places you have lived • Activities in which you participate • Where do you see yourself in 10 years? • Prop (Optional) – symbol of you or something unique about you. Must explain the prop.

  22. Impromptu Speech • Length: 1 minute (no less!) • Must talk for the entire minute • Must stay on topic • Draw a topic from a hat and give the speech on the spot

  23. Love/Hate Speech • Length 2-4 minutes • Persuade the audience to love/hate along with you • Looking for: • Signs of Preparation • Eye contact with audience • Voice (volume, pitch, etc.) • Posture (no slouching!) • Filler words (do NOT use them… um, like, uh, ya know)

  24. Researched Speech – Fame 20thC. • Length: 5-7 minutes (will be cut off at 7) • Visual Aid • Must be CLEARLY seen from the back of the room • Anything to be shown electronically MUST be submitted to the teacher by no later than Tues., May 1st (via email, usb-drive, or disk) • MUST give the speech to the class (no exceptions) • Audience members will fill out an evaluation form for each speech given

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