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Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

FBRR. Filter Backwash Recycling Rule. Final: June 8, 2001. Background. Filter backwash recycle reintroduces contaminants back into the treatment process 1996 SDWA Amendments require EPA to promulgate a regulation that “governs” recycle of filter backwash water within a treatment plant.

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Filter Backwash Recycling Rule

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  1. FBRR Filter Backwash Recycling Rule Final: June 8, 2001

  2. Background • Filter backwash recycle reintroduces contaminants back into the treatment process • 1996 SDWA Amendments require EPA to promulgate a regulation that “governs” recycle of filter backwash water within a treatment plant

  3. Purpose of FBRR • Recycle streams are source of high concentration of microbial pathogens and chemical contaminants • Contribute to the contaminant load • Coagulant chemistry imbalance • Hydraulic surge--overwhelms plant’s unit processes • Waste flows may adversely affect plant performance and, subsequently, pathogen removal

  4. Purpose of FBRR • FBRR reduces potential for Cryptosporidium oocysts to pass through filters into finished water by ensuring proper management of residual streams • FBRR also allows States to evaluate recycle practices and identify any potential problems.

  5. Systems Covered by FBRR §141.76(a) • SW and GWUDI (Subpart H) systems that employ conventional or direct filtration and • Recycle one or more of the following: • Spent filter backwash water • Thickener supernatant • Liquids from dewatering processes                             

  6. Conventional Treatment Plant

  7. Direct Filtration

  8. What is Filter Backwash Water? • Resulting water pushed back through the filter in the cleaning process • Filter backwashing is an integral part of treatment plant operation

  9. What is Thickener Supernatant?What are Liquids from Dewatering Processes? • Thickener supernatant • The “clear water” that exits sedimentation basins and clarifiers after particles have been allowed to settle out • Liquids from dewatering processes • Dewatering processes remove water from waste solids “sludge” in order to reduce the solids volume to be disposed

  10. Key Components • Submit data to State • Plant schematic • Plant and recycle flow rates • State-approved operating capacity of plant • Appropriate recycle return location • Through all processes of a system’s conventional and direct filtration treatment • State-approved alternative location • Maintain specific records

  11. Notify State in Writing §141.76(b) • Notify State in writing by December 8, 2003, if system recycles • Notification must include: • Plant schematic • Origin of all recycle flows • Hydraulic conveyance used to transport them • Location where they are recycled back into the plant • Flow data • Typical recycle flow (gpm) • Highest observed plant flow from previous year (gpm) • Design flow for treatment plant (gpm) • State-approved operating capacity   

  12. Treatment Technique Requirement §141.76(c) • By June 8, 2004, must return recycle flow through either: • Processes of conventional or direct filtration system • Alternative location approved by the State • If capital improvements are required to modify recycle location, must be completed no later than June 8, 2006

  13. Recycle Return Location

  14. Example 1

  15. Example 2

  16. Example 3

  17. Recordkeeping by Systems §141.76(d) • Beginning June 8, 2004, the following info must be on file for review and evaluation by the State • Copy of recycle notification and information submitted to State • List of all recycle flows and frequency of return • Average and maximum • Backwash flow rate through filters • Duration of the filter backwash process (minutes)

  18. Recordkeeping by Systems §141.76(d) • Typical filter run length and written summary of how determined (headloss, turbidity, time) • Type of treatment provided for recycle flow • Data on • Physical dimensions of equalization and/or treatment units • Typical and maximum hydraulic loading rates • Type of treatment chemicals used and average dose and frequency of use • Frequency at which solids are removed from treatment units

  19. Violations and Public Notification

  20. State Primacy Requirements § 142.12(b)(1)(2) • June 8, 2003: Final primacy applications due unless granted extension • June 8, 2005: Final primacy revision applications from States with approved extensions must be submitted

  21. State Special Primacy Requirement § 142.16(i)(1)(i) • States must have the proper rules and authority to use sanitary surveys, comprehensive performance evaluations (CPEs), other inspections, or other activities to evaluate recycle data maintained by systems and require modifications to recycle practices

  22. Available FBRR Documents • Filter Backwash Recycling Rule: A Rule Summary for Systems • Fact Sheet: Filter Backwash Recycling Rule • Filter Backwash Recycling Rule: A Quick Reference Guide • Filter Backwash Recycling Rule Technical Guidance Manual (under development) • Filter Backwash Recycling Rule Implementation Guidance

  23. www.epa.gov/safewater/filterbackwash.html Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1-800-426-4791 For More Information

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