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Geologic Time

Geologic Time. Chapters: 13 &14 Your Host: Ms.Canterbury. Earth’s Beginnings. 4.6 billion years ago Collection of iron and gasses formed Rotation of cloud caused planet to form Settling of iron to core Early atmosphere formed Water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

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Geologic Time

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  1. Geologic Time Chapters: 13 &14 Your Host: Ms.Canterbury

  2. Earth’s Beginnings • 4.6 billion years ago • Collection of iron and gasses formed • Rotation of cloud caused planet to form • Settling of iron to core • Early atmosphere formed • Water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) • Modern atmosphere Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (1%)

  3. Theories of Earth Science • Uniformitarianism- Hutton- Small changes over a very long time. “The present is the key to the past.” • Examples: • Catastrophism- Large changes over small periods of time. • Examples:

  4. Organic Evolution • Changes in the environment lead to changes in organisms • Natural Selection- Certain traits make living in an environment easier • Changes in Environment– Pangea moving→ climate → plants →animals

  5. Meteorites • Crater Map • Visual of crater • http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs49-98/index.html

  6. Geologic Time Scale • Record of Earth’s History • Eons- largest subdivision • Eras- major subdivision • Periods- Smallest divisions- made by types of life & geologic events.

  7. Geologic Time Scale Con’t • Epochs- smallest subdivision- • Only found in Cenozoic • Why??? • What is our Eon, Era, Period and Epoch now??

  8. Extinctions • Species dies no more living organisms • Cause each major divide in time scale • Dinosaurs- meteor, change in plants • Megaladon Extinction http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/evolution/megalodon_extinction.htm

  9. Pre- Cambrian Time(4.5 billion-544 million years ago) • Oldest and Longest Time Period • Almost 90% of Earth’s History • From beginning of Earth (4.6 billion years ago) to 540 Million years ago • The Earth was very different then • At first, there was no oxygen or living things • Then the first organisms appeared in the oceans 3.6 billion years ago • They were called Prokaryotes

  10. Pre-cambrian Time Con’t… • After another 1 billion years, more complex organisms developed • They were called Eukaryotes • Many cells with a nucleus • Evolved into organisms on Earth today

  11. Porportions of Geologic Time

  12. Pre-Cambrian Con’t… • Atmosphere develops oxygen • How? • Chemical reactions--- at least started process • Cyanobacteria • Earliest life • Small (microscopic) blue-green algae • Not even a plant yet • Stromatolites are their fossils • Mass Extinction- Most of life dies (planet changes)

  13. The Paleozoic Era

  14. Paleozoic Era(544-248 mya) ( The Phanerzoic Eon Begins!) • Paleo- (Latin) ancient; -zoic (Latin) animals/ life Many new life forms appeared during the 1st period, the Cambrian Period = “Cambrian Explosion” • For the first time on Earth, organisms had hard parts (shells, exoskeletons) http://www.trilobites.info/geotime.htm Some organisms that were alive during this period still exist today (ferns and salamanders) but they were giants! • Pangea formed • Plants begin to grow on land

  15. Paleozoic Con’t • Vertebrates(animals with backbones) appear • “Age of Fish” large fish populate oceans • Amphibians (frogs) go to land • Insects appear • Pennsylvanian Period- very large swamps which later become coal • Appalachian Mountains Form

  16. The largest mass extinction happened 248 million years ago • Marked the end of the Paleozoic Era and the start of the Mesozoic Era • Scientists are not sure what caused this mass extinction (maybe climate change & volcanoes) • 90% of ocean life and 78% of land life died Reptiles and amphibians survived!

  17. The MESOZOIC ERA

  18. Mesozoic Era(248-65 mya) • Meso- “middle” -zoic “animals/life” • Breakup of Pangea • Rapid movement of Earth’s plates • Age of Reptiles- dinosaurs and reptiles rule planet • Rocky Mountains form

  19. The Mesozoic Cont… • Surviving reptiles and amphibians evolved into many other species (like dinosaurs) = “Age of Reptiles”

  20. End of The MesoZOIC • Another MAJOR mass extinction happened 65 million years ago • Marked the end of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of the Cenozoic Era • Scientists think an asteroid hit Earth, the dust clouds blocked out the sun, plants died, then herbivores, then carnivores.

  21. ANOTHER Mass Extinction ! • Scientists think an asteroid hit Earth, the dust clouds blocked out the sun, plants died, then herbivores, then carnivores. • All of the dinosaurs and half of the other animals & plants went extinct • 90% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct • Animals and plants change

  22. So begins… The Cenozoic Era(began about 65 mya-present) • Ceno- “new”; -zoic “life” • Tertiary & Quaternary(began 1.8 mya) • Age of Mammals- Humans evolve • Megladon lived • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Spo8vkrJFRo • Ice Ages occur • Flowering Plants • Expanding grasslands

  23. Cenozoic Era cont… • Colorado Plateau and Sierra Nevada Mountains formed • Many mountain ranges in North and South America & Europe began to form(Ex.Andes in South America, and the Alps in Europe) • India collided with Asia to form the Himalaya Montains.

  24. What epoch are we currently in? • http://www.decodedscience.com/anthropocene-global-epoc/686

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