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TILAPIA CULTURE

TILAPIA CULTURE. by Leonard Lovshin Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Auburn University, AL 36849 U.S.A. Water Temperatures for:. Tilapia are native to Africa, Israel and Jordan. Best growth- above 77 0 F. Spawning - above 68 0 F. Death- 50 to 54 0 F. Nile Tilapia.

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TILAPIA CULTURE

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  1. TILAPIA CULTURE by Leonard Lovshin Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures Auburn University, AL 36849 U.S.A.

  2. Water Temperatures for: Tilapia are native to Africa, Israel and Jordan Best growth- above 770F Spawning - above 680F Death- 50 to 540F

  3. Nile Tilapia Red Tilapia Popular Cultured Tilapias Mozambique Tilapia Blue Tilapia

  4. Food Habits Tilapia feed low on the food chain phytoplankton zooplankton

  5. Tilapia can be cultured in fresh and salt water. 1. All tilapia can be grown in fresh water. 2. Mozambique tilapia and red tilapia with Mozambique tilapia genes can be grown in salt water.

  6. and defend the fry Females incubate eggs Reproduction Males dig and defend a nest

  7. 3. tanks Tilapia can be spawned in: 1. ponds 2. cages

  8. 1. 18 days after hatch 2.40 days after hatch Fry can be harvested:

  9. 1. Partial harvested 2.Completely harvested Fry can be: Fry removal Brooder removal

  10. Eggs can be removed from females: Incubating tilapia eggs Yolk-sac tilapia fry

  11. Tilapia can be cultured as: 1. Mixed sexes - males and females together 2. Mono-sex - only males

  12. Grow-out: Mixed-sex Culture Advantages: 1. Technically easy Disadvantages: 1. Small harvest weight 2. Mixed sizes at harvest

  13. Mono-sex culture Advantages: 1. Large harvest weight 2. Uniform size at harvest Disadvantages: 1. Technically difficult

  14. Stocking a predacious fish with mixed-sex tilapia will control tilapia density and increase final harvest weight. Largemouth bass in the U. S. A. Peacock bass in South America

  15. Mono-sex male tilapia populations can be produced by: 1. Visual selection 2. Hybridization 3. Sex-reversal 4. Genetic manipulation Male Populations

  16. Visual Selection of the Genital Papilla Female papilla with oviduct anus Male papilla anus

  17. Hybridization Male Hornorum tilapia All-male hybrid tilapia Female Nile tilapia

  18. Sex Reversal of Tilapia Fry

  19. 1) XXF + XYM estrogen XXF + XY”F” 2) XY”F”x XYM XXF + 2 XYM + YYM 3) XXFx YYM 100% XYM Genetic Manipulation

  20. Tilapia are raised in: Small earthen ponds

  21. Tilapia are raised in: Large Earthen Ponds

  22. Tilapia Raised In Floating Cages

  23. Tilapia are raised in: Circular tanks with partial water exchange and mechanical aeration

  24. Tilapia are raised in: Raceways with constant water exchange

  25. Tilapia are raised in: Indoors with water reuse, mechanical aeration and oxygen injection

  26. Tilapia ponds can be fertilized with organic and inorganic fertilizers to increase yield

  27. Tilapia can be fed to increase yield

  28. Tilapia can be fed Pelleted diets Agricultural by-products sinking wheat bran cottonseed meal floating rice bran

  29. Tilapia can be sold to Neighbors and Friends

  30. Tilapia can be purchased At supermarkets and fish shops fresh and frozen fillets whole on ice

  31. Tilapia farming in the U. S. • Most production is from enclosed, water reuse system because of cold winter water temperatures. • Production costs are high. • Most tilapia are sold live or whole iced. • Presently, U. S. producers can’t compete with producers in tropical climates for processed tilapia. • Fresh fillets are imported from Central and South America. 6. Frozen fillets are imported from Asia.

  32. Advantages of Farming Tilapia • Feeds low on the food chain • Accepts wide range of feeds • Resistant to poor water quality, disease and handling • Good flesh quality 5. Fingerlings easy to produce year round

  33. Disadvantages of raising tilapia • Reach sexual maturity at a young age • Males grow faster than females • Difficult to harvest from earthen ponds with a seine 4. Low percentage of fillet removed from body

  34. Over 3.1 billion pounds of farmed tilapia are harvest world-wide yearly. Major producers are: China > Philippines > Thailand U. S. tilapia Production in 2000: 18,191,000 lbs

  35. EAT MORE TILAPIA

  36. The End

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