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Background

Background. Banana important staple for millions in Uganda and East Africa Grown by mainly resource poor farmers for subsistence Average banana consumption is 243 kg/cap./year Production in Uganda suffers several pest and disease constraints Diseases

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Background

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  1. Background • Banana important staple for millions in Uganda and East Africa • Grown by mainly resource poor farmers for subsistence • Average banana consumption is 243 kg/cap./year • Production in Uganda suffers several pest and disease constraints • Diseases • Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerellafijiensis), Banana Bacterial Wilt (Xanthomonascampestris), Fusarium wilt (Fusariumoxysporum) , BSV • Pests • Banana Weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) and parasitic nematodes (Radopholussimilis)

  2. The ABSPII project • Objectives • To develop Transgenic East African Highland Banana with resistance to Black sigatoka and parasitic nematodes • Develop a centre of excellence in crop biotechnology in Uganda • Activities • Construction of Bio-containment facility • Field testing of transgenic bananas developed at Katholic University of Leuven, Belgium • Improving EAHB embryogenic cell suspensions • Development of EAHB transformation system • Screening transgenic banana developed at NARO • Training and capacity building

  3. First CFT of GM banana in Africa • Field Efficacy of chitinase gene against Black sigatoka • 28 events, 1200 plants planted on 30th Nov. 2007 • Trial effectively challenged with sigatoka disease through natural infestation • Data collection ongoing

  4. Capacity building in Biotechnology • Laboratories • Molecular biology • Transformation • Tissue culture • Staff Training • PhD Scientists – 3 • PhD students - 5 • MSc. students – 7 • BSc/Dip Assistants and technicians - 8

  5. Pathogen Derived Resistance • Protein Mediated Resistance • Coat Protein Mediated Resistance • Replicase Mediated Resistance • Movement Protein Mediated Resistance • RNA-mediated resistance • sRNAs that target vRNAs for degradation • Non-Pathogen, Protein Mediated Resistance • Transcription regulators: TFs, and sZFPs • DNA binding proteins • Interferon-like strategies; ds-RNA degrading enzymes • Translation initiation factors/co-factors Virus resistance technologies continue to grow

  6. Virus Resistant Crops Commercialized to Date: Papaya: resistance to PRSV, developed in public sector Squash: resistance to potyviruses, developed in private sector Plum: resistance to ‘Sharka’ disease: PPV, USDA Tomato, sweet peppers, cucumbers: resistant to different viruses, developed and released in China in mid-’90s. Nothing released yet in developing economies

  7. Production of transgenic groundnut with resistance to tobacco streak ilarvirus A collaborative Project: R.N. Beachy/DVR Reddy K.K. Sharma, ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India

  8. History of TSV in India • First observed in 1996 in sunflower. • A disease epidemic occurred in groundnut during Kharif 2004 in Ananthapur, AP; >10 mil farmers affected • Symptoms were confused to those caused by Tospoviruses (PBNV) • The occurrence of TSV confirmed in the year 2000 from 3 independent laboratories (ICRISAT, MAHYCO & IARI)

  9. TSV on Other Crops sunflower Marigold

  10. Resistance To Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in tobacco AgriBioInstitute University of Sofia, Bulgaria Alternative: insecticides to control insect vector

  11. Resistance to Bean Golden Mosaic Geminivirus in Brazil; EMBRAPA, Aragio et al Disease is white-fly borne, controlled in part by insecticides

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