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Supplementary Figure 1. Physical mechanisms in patterned-ground.

Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 1. Physical mechanisms in patterned-ground. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1. circle. circle. inter-circle. inter-circle. circle. circle. circle. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1.

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Supplementary Figure 1. Physical mechanisms in patterned-ground.

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  1. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Supplementary Figure 1. Physical mechanisms in patterned-ground.

  2. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 circle circle inter-circle inter-circle circle circle circle

  3. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Sharp microsite contrasts in soil conditions develop due to differential frost-heave (Taber 1929; Peterson and Krantz 2003) circle circle inter-circle inter-circle circle circle circle organic organic silt loam blocky blocky

  4. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Initially, on a barren surface, a more or less hexagonal system of cracks develops due to seasonal freezing.

  5. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Cracks collect seeds and retain moisture, so vegetation and organic matter accumulate there. This creates a strong gradient in soil thermal properties.

  6. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 In early winter, downward freezing occurs faster in exposed mineral soils that lack surface organics.

  7. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Pore-water is drawn to the advancing freezing-front in circles due to cryostatic suction. Increased water flux to circle

  8. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Increased water-flux leads to stronger frost-heave at circles, as the water expands into ice. Differential frost-heave

  9. Frost et al. 2013 – ERL Supp. Figure 1 Cryoturbation is strongest at the circle center. Tundra vegetation grows too slowly to withstand annual disturbance, so circles remain barren.

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