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Author: Dow Chang 202-366-4128 dow.chang@dot

NHTSA Technical Report Briefing “ National Pedestrian Crash Report ”. Author: Dow Chang 202-366-4128 dow.chang@dot.gov. Purpose. • Trend in Pedestrian Crashes • Crash Location • Crash Time • Pedestrian Factors • V ehicle Driver Factors

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Author: Dow Chang 202-366-4128 dow.chang@dot

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  1. NHTSA Technical Report Briefing “National Pedestrian Crash Report” Author:Dow Chang202-366-4128dow.chang@dot.gov

  2. Purpose •Trend in Pedestrian Crashes • Crash Location • Crash Time • Pedestrian Factors •Vehicle Driver Factors • Other Crash Factors, such as light condition, weather, …

  3. Data Sources • Crash Data • Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) • 1997-2005 Final Files and 2006 Annual Report File • General Estimates System (GES) of National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) • 1997-2006 Files • Exposure Data • Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) • Federal Highway Administration • Population • Census Bureau • Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) • Bureau of Transportation Statistics, US DOT

  4. 85,088 85,010 84,623 92,719 76,337 76,709 76,499 74,828 70,421 67,537 Number Pedestrian Crash Death Pedestrian Crash 5,321 5,228 4,939 4,901 4,892 4,851 4,784 4,763 4,774 4,675 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Crash Trend Ped Fatalities and Ped Crashes by Year Source: FARS and GES

  5. 13 13 12 12 % 11 11 11 11 11 11 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Crash Trend Percentage of Ped Fatalities by Year Source: FARS

  6. 6.9 7.1 6.8 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.3 % Fatality Probability Crash Probability 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Crash Trend Ped Fatality Probability and Crash Probability by Year Source: FARS and GES

  7. 2.08 Pedestrian death per 1 billion VMT 1.99 1.84 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.65 1.64 1.59 1.58 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Crash Trend Ped Fatality Rate per One Billion VMT by Year Source: FARS and FHWA Highway Statistics

  8. Single Vehicle Crash Multiple Vehicle Crash 4,876 4,801 4,516 4,480 4,445 4,445 4,340 4,310 4,327 4,237 92% 92% 91% 91% 91% 92% 91% 90% 91% 91% Pedestrian Fatalities 464 457 445 427 423 423 421 438 447 406 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Crash Trend Ped Killed by Crash Type and Year Source: FARS

  9. Crash Location Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped Location Source: FARS

  10. Crash Location •Over three-fourths (78%) of the pedestrians were killed at non-intersections. •Two-thirds of pedestrian fatalities (67%) were in city street. •Only 13% of U.S. cities or towns (5,658) accounted for those pedestrian fatalities in city street. (total cities: 42,500) Source: FARS

  11. Over 99 10-99 Killed 1% 9% 1 Killed 2-9 Killed 47% 43% Crash Location Distribution of Cities by Number of Ped Killed City Group Number* % 1 Killed 2,692 47 2-9 Killed 2,424 43 10-99 498 9 100-199 30 0.6 200-499 9 0.2 500-999 4 0.1 Over 1000 1 0.0 Total 5,658 100 * The number is the total of 10-year period (1997-2006). Source: FARS

  12. Crash Location Top 5 Cities With the Highest Ped Fatalities Source: FARS

  13. Crash Location Top 3 States With the Highest Ped Fatalities Top 3 States With the Lowest Ped Fatalities Source: FARS

  14. Crash Location Distribution of Ped Fatalities by NHTSA Operation Regions 3.2% 3.1% 13.5% 3.5% 17.9% 12.3% 9.6% 3.8% 14.2% 18.9% Source: FARS

  15. 14.9 1.7 Pedestrian Fatalities per Total Crash Fatalities per Unit: 1 million 100K Population 100K Population 77 70 VMT per Occupant WMT per Pedestrian Fatality Fatality Crash Density •Average Fatalities Per Capita Source: FARS and Census Bureau • Average Walking Miles Per Death Source: FARS, NHTS 2001, and FHWA •Estimated by: •Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) / Pedestrian Fatalities • Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) / Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths • The data from 2001 National Household Travel Survey.

  16. Crash Time • On average, 13 pedestrians die in vehicle crashes each day, or one pedestrian every 107 minutes. •January 1 and October 31 were the two most deadly days of the year, having the highest number of pedestrian fatalities (average 24 & 21 per day). • Oct, Nov, and Dec have higher fatality percentages (10% each) than any other month. Source: FARS

  17. 12,146 10,281 25% 21% 4,330 3,735 3,514 6,079 5,730 3,022 12% 12% 9% 7% 8% 6% Midnight to 3 3 a.m. to 6 a.m. 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. 9 a.m. to Noon Noon to 3 p.m. 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. 9 p.m. to a.m. Midnight Crash Time Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Time of Day Source: FARS and GES

  18. Crash Time Ped Fatalities per Crash by Time of Day Source: FARS and GES

  19. Day of the Week Killed % Killed/Crash Pedestrian Killed Pedestrian Crash Sunday 14 0.08 6,718 78,376 Monday 12 0.06 6,149 106,604 Tuesday 13 0.06 6,321 111,597 Wednesday 13 0.05 6,511 116,370 Thursday 13 0.05 6,570 118,064 Friday 17 0.06 8,111 134,533 Saturday 18 0.08 8,732 103,982 Crash Time •Ped Distribution by Day of the Week •Ped Fatalities per Crash by Day of the Week Source: FARS and GES

  20. Pedestrian Demographics Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Sex •The probability of a male pedestrian being killed in a crash is 7 per 100, a female is 5 per 100. Source: FARS, GES, and Census Bureau

  21. Ped Killed, 35% Ped Killed, 23% Pop, 21% Pop, 29% Ped Killed, 21% Pop, 23% Pop, 14% Ped Killed, 9% Ped Killed, 12% Pop, 13% Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+) Pedestrian Demographics Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Age Group Source: FARS, GES, Census Bureau

  22. 0.15 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.02 Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+) Pedestrian Factor Pedestrian Fatalities per Crash by Age Group Source: FARS and GES

  23. No Alcohol, 63% BAC .08+,33% BAC .01-.07, 4% Pedestrian Factor Distribution of Ped Fatalities by BAC Level •When alcohol is involved the probability of the ped being killed in a crash (22/100) is 4 times higher than when no alcohol is involved (5/100). Source: FARS and GES

  24. 27.3 25.4 % 13.9 12.1 9.8 2.6 5.3 1.5 2.1 In Fail to Yield Darting or Not Visible Inattentive Fail to Obey Other Unknown Improper Crossing Roadway Right-of-Way Running into Traffic Road Control Pedestrian Factor Distribution of Ped Action in Fatal Crashes Source: FARS

  25. Unknown, Male Driver, 10% Female 65% Driver,25% Vehicle Driver Demographics Distribution of Drivers by Sex in Fatal Ped Crashes Source: FARS

  26. 55 1 Speeding Not Speeding Vehicle Driver Factor •Almost all drivers survived the pedestrian crashes (93%) •Most vehicle drivers did not have alcohol (83%) • Majority of drivers were not speeding (91%) • A pedestrian is still likely to die in a crash even if the driver is obeying the posted speed limit. Pedestrian fatalities per 100 crashes: Source: FARS and GES

  27. Alcohol Involvement Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped and Driver Alcohol Involvement Source: FARS

  28. 27 % 20 10 9 9 7 5 4 4 3 2 Hit-and-Run Driving over Fail to Yield Drugs Inattentive Fail to keep Other Non- Operating Non-Traffic Others Unknown Vehicle Posted Limit Right-of-Way in Proper Moving Vehicle in Violation Driver Lane Traffic Reckless Charged Violation Manner Vehicle Driver Factor Driver Distribution by Behavior in Fatal Ped Crashes •One in five pedestrians was killed in hit-and-run motor vehicle crashes. Source: FARS

  29. 89 % 8 0.2 0.8 1 0.4 0.6 No Adverse Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other Unknown Condition 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.04 No Adverse Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other Condition Other: Weather Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Weather Condition Ped Fatalities per Crash by Weather Condition Source: FARS and GES

  30. 33 32 30 % 2 2 Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted Dawn Dusk 0.22 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.03 Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted Dawn Dusk Other: Light Condition Ped Fatalities per Crash by Light Condition Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Light Condition. Source: FARS and GES

  31. 0.32 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.02 No Limit Post Under 30 30-39 40-49 50+ Other: Posted Speed Limits Ped Fatalities per Crash by Posted Speed Limits Source: FARS and GES

  32. Review Key Findings • Although pedestrian fatalities declined between 1997 and 2006, the probability of a pedestrian fatality in a crash increased. •Nationwide, a pedestrian crash death occurred every 70 million miles walked. • Males have a much higher probability than females to be killed. People 65 and older have a much greater possibility than other age groups to be killed in a crash. • As a pedestrian’s BAC increases, the probability of a pedestrian getting killed in a crash increases.

  33. Questions?

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