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Remote sensing of natural hazards Remote sensing = satellite imagery and aerial photography

Remote sensing of natural hazards Remote sensing = satellite imagery and aerial photography They range from low resolution (weather satellites) to very high res .. capable of detecting objects <1 metre. Hurricane Katrina. 1. Introduction-Instruments: Most satellite images are not photos.

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Remote sensing of natural hazards Remote sensing = satellite imagery and aerial photography

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  1. Remote sensing of natural hazards Remote sensing = satellite imagery and aerial photography They range from low resolution (weather satellites) to very high res .. capable of detecting objects <1 metre Hurricane Katrina

  2. 1. Introduction-Instruments:Most satellite images are not photos Millennium Island photographed by a crew member on the International Space Station This image was acquired with a Nikon D3 digital camera fitted with an 800 mm lens

  3. Geostationary: 36,000 km above equator, stay vertically above the same spot, rotates with earth - weather images, e.g. GOES (Geostat. Operational Env. Satellite) Scanning enables the data to be transmitted back to earth from the satellite. orbits

  4. Sun-synchronous satellites:700-900 km altitude, rotates at circa 81-82 degree angle to equator: captures imagery approx the same time each day (10am +/- 30 minutes) - Landsat path: earthnow

  5. Intro– Resolution (pixel size)  ~1 m to 10km Low resolution 1km - 10km (international) Medium resolution     100m -1km (national) High resolution      10 -100 m (regional) Very High resolution   1 - 10 metres (local)  

  6. Introduction Energy wavelengths used for remote sensing • Visible wavelengths • Near/mid Infra-Red (vegetation and moisture) • Thermal infra-red (heat) • Microwave radar (cloud-free)

  7. 2. Sensors: Low resolution - weather satellites http://www.osei.noaa.gov/

  8. Sensors: MODIS – medium resolution http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/

  9. Sensors: ASTER - High resolution http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery.asp?catid=70

  10. Sensors: Very high resolution – corporate satellites e.g Ikonos, Quickbird, GeoEye http://www.satimagingcorp.com/galleryimages/high-resolution-remote-sensor-sri-lanka-flood.jpg

  11. GeoEye 50cm resolution: Vancouver Olympic village (April 26, 2009)

  12. Selected satellite remote sensing systems

  13. 3. Application examples - remote sensing can be used for: • A. Mapping - damage assessment • B. Monitoring (in progress) • C. Prediction / mitigation Tornado Rips Through Maryland, 2002 (west <- east)

  14. Lava flow, New Aiyansh

  15. USGS Volcano Hazards http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/ Earth Observatory: Anak Krakatau Ikonos satellite on June 11, 2005.

  16. Use of LiDAR digital elevation models for flood plain mapping and mitigation http://www.airborneimaginginc.com/images/data_samples/Full_size/Floodplain_map.jpg

  17. Remote Sensing for Hazard Assessment: Landslides - Hong Kong http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/rcuhm/research_1.html LANDSAT Thematic Mapper colour composite, bands 2, 4 and 6 with band 6 (thermal band) displayed as red and band 4 (visible infra-red) as green. Red areas represent hot spots and correspond to areas of grassland which have been burnt during the dry season.

  18. 4. Remote sensing of hazards by type … Volcanoes http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery.asp?catid=10

  19. This ASTER image of Mount St. Helens was captured one week after the March 8 ash and steam eruption (2005) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/earthandsun/mshelenslidar_prt.htm

  20. Landslides Pakistan

  21. Avalanches, Bowron Lakes

  22. Climate change: melting polar ice cap http://arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMQ21p93JZc&NR=1

  23. Climate change: Glacier melt - lake dam collapse: Huarez, Peru A chunk of glacier was threatening to fall into an Andean lake and cause major flooding in a Peruvian city of 60,000. If the piece breaks off, ensuing floods would take 15 minutes to reach the city. In 1941, the lake overflowed and caused massive destruction, killing 7,000 people.

  24. Rita: Evolution From Tropical Storm to HurricaneWhile Rita is dragging over both Cuba and the Florida peninsula, she can't draw much power since there is less water available for evaporation. However, once she starts to clear Cuba and Florida, and gets over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, she is able to spin up into a full hurricane. From these images, you can also see that her path will take her across the Gulf, towards the Texas coast. http://www.runet.edu/~rusmart/imageoftheday/2005-09-21.html

  25. http://www.weatheroffice.gc.ca/hurricane/track_e.html

  26. MODIS Rapid Response System Global Fire Maps http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

  27. 5. Some general websites for remote sensing of hazards http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/archive.php

  28. Mapping reference for hazards- Canada Natural Resources Canada - natural hazards http://ess.nrcan.gc.ca/disdan/index_e.php http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/environment/naturalhazards

  29. http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/map

  30. Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis http://www.drgeorgepc.com/index.html e.g. http://www.drgeorgepc.com/Cyclone2008Burma.html

  31. Satellite images and digital terrain models for 3D visualisation http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/images/msh.mpg

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