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Alfred M. Duda

GEF International Waters Focal Area and other GEF Opportunities for Addressing Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions. Alfred M. Duda. Objectives for Today. Introduce types of Coastal & Marine projects countries have requested from the GEF Describe Current GEF Strategic Priorities

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Alfred M. Duda

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  1. GEF International Waters Focal Area and other GEF Opportunities forAddressing Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions Alfred M. Duda

  2. Objectives for Today • Introduce types of Coastal & Marine projects countries have requested from the GEF • Describe Current GEF Strategic Priorities • Provide examples of GEF IW Projects submitted that address the open oceans/seamounts or with components beyond national jurisdictions • Stimulate today’s discussion for a new GEF program ( Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions) to be developed the next 8 months for GEF 5 (2010-2014)

  3. Global Environment Facility • Financial mechanism supporting developing country action under global envir. treaties: UNCCD, CC; Biodiversity, POPS • Established in 1991 • 177 member countries; $ 3 Bil. trust fund • Projects implemented by UNDP, UNEP, World Bank, FAO, IFAD, UNIDO, Regional Development Banks

  4. GEF INTERNATIONAL WATERS FOCAL AREA *Transboundary, Multi-country Water Systems-area based management *Coasts, oceans and adjacent basins, transboundary surface water basins groundwater basins. *Responds to Chapters 17/18 of Agenda 21

  5. Major Concerns of International Waters-Transboundary Systems • Degradation of Water Quality • Water Flow/timing issues: use conflicts from excessive withdrawals, wetland conversion, dam releases • Overexploitation of Fish/Living Resources • Habitat Destruction/Conversion • Land Degradation/Sedimentation • Introduced Species– ship ballast water, fish, cholera, • Groundwater Quality, Quantity, Recharge Areas • Peace/security/stability/MDGs at risk • Cooperation > Sharing benefits > expanded economic development opportunities through collective management

  6. GEF Nile Basin Transboundary Environmental Action Project The Nile Basin Initiative: 10 nations and many development partners promote transboundary peace, security, & stability, toward sustainable development and MDGs. World Bank - UNDP

  7. The Guarani Aquifer Project Without preventative measures, uncontrolled pollution in its extraction and recharge areas could threaten the Guarani aquifer, which contains sufficient water to supply 360 million people on a sustainable basis. A GEF Project A GEF Project

  8. 85% of the World’s Marine Fish Catch is Produced in 64 Large Marine Ecosystems Affected by surface water inflows; ground water, population, coastal vulnerability, aquaculture, habitat loss, pollution 5 IW SAG 4/10/07 - 4

  9. LMEs Provide a Framework for Ecosystem- based Approaches to Management *Adopted by GEF Council in 1995 Operational Strategy as a tool for addressing transboundary concerns *Large areas of ocean space, coasts & contiguous basins for area-based management *Distinct bathymetry, hydrography, productivity, trophically dependent living resources *Land-based pollution; habitat; 85% of global marine fisheries GEF: 17 LMEs approved; 126 collaborating devel. countries

  10. Decline in Fisheries-related Biodiversity

  11. Effective Regional Institutions Needed for Adaptive Management--EAST CHINA SEA LMEMean Annual SST and Annual Anomalies of SST IW SAG 4/10/07 - 22

  12. Benguela Current LME: -Angola, Namibia, South Africa

  13. Legal Framework for Adaptive Management Institutions is Critical to Support Ecosystem-Based Area Management: the 3 countries

  14. GEF International Waters: Area-Based Approach to Management of LMEs includes Governance at Multiple Scales • Large Marine Ecosystem Scale( South China Sea LME-UNEP) • Coastal Municipality/Provincial ICM scale (Da Nang, Vietnam - UNDP PEMSEA) • River Basin Linkage Scale(GPA Mekong River Basin/delta - World Bank) • Local Community-based Habitat Protection Sites (Phu Quoc Fish Refugia Vietnam- UNEP)

  15. Coastal Strategy of Danang City Danang 2001 ICM: Coastal Strategies at Different Scale than LME

  16. Complemented By Sector Demos with UN Agencies

  17. The zebra mussel GEF/UNDP/IMO GLOBALLAST Alien invasive aquatic species in ship ballast water are a great threat to SIDS & coasts and can cause severe environmental, economic & public health impacts.

  18. The Marine Electronic Highway In the highly congested sea lanes of the Straits of Malacca navigational hazards are threatening the global environment and the local economy GEF Pilot site Oil Spill

  19. Development of a Regional Marine Electronic Highway in the East Asia Seas with a First Phase in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore Marine Electronic Highway (MEH) project is aimed at using innovative technological tools to create, network and maintain a marine information infrastructure which can greatly increase navigational safety while reducing environmental risks. The highly congested maritime traffic lanes and environmentally rich coastal areas of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore are the initial focus of what can become a regional system, stretching from the Persian Gulf through the Chinese Seas to the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. A GEF/WB Project

  20. GEF IW Catalyzes Area-based Collective Management with Visioning, Priority Setting: Adaptive Management Institutions

  21. The Danube - Black Sea Basin Strategic Partnership for Nutrient Pollution Reduction: support to the GPA ($100 m GEF) • UNDP; UNEP, World Bank; EU • 16 basin countries • 3 Regional projects • $70 million Investment Fund (WB) approved by GEF Council in 3 tranches-$330 m co-financing & $29 mil GEF regional projects UNDP and UNEP. • PROGRAM, not just PROJECTS with multiple PARTNERS, each with comparaive advantages

  22. Cross-sector Nutrient Reduction Projects in the GEF/WB Danube/Black Sea Basin Investment Fund

  23. Black Sea LME-Reduction of Nutrients: Reduction of Eutrophication & Hypoxia

  24. GEF International Waters Portfolio of Approved Projects (FY 92-08)165 Council-approved projects; 147 recipient countries & 22 industrialized countries$1.13 Bil GEF grants; $4.68 billion co-financingIncluding 17 multi-focal IW projects through Sept 2008

  25. GEF Financing for Coastal, Marine, and SIDS Projects in International Waters, 1992-2008

  26. GEF Biodiversity Focal AreaGEF 4 Serves as financial mechanism; enabling activities CBD Objective/ Guidance COP *Catalyzing sustainability of protected areas *Mainstreaming biodiversity in production landscapes *Capacity building for Cartagena protocol on Biosafety

  27. -$10 m GEF; $48 m others *EEZ Management (IW) *ICM – MPAs (Biodi) *Community Livelihoods (Biodi) *Links to GEF LME projects (IW) Tanzania/World Bank/GEFMarine & Coastal Ecosystem Management Project

  28. GEF Climate Change Adaptation Objective: to build capacity and assist developing countries to adapt to adverse impacts of climate change *Special Climate Change Fund (voluntary) -urgent adaptation and technology transfer *Least developed Countries Fund (voluntary) -NAPAs and urgent adaptation needs of LDCs *Adaptation Fund (just beginning) -2% of CDM revenues *GEF Strategic Pilot Programme on Adaptation -pilot work mainstreaming in all GEF focal areas-$50m

  29. Resource Allocation Framework-RAF • Allocate GEF resources to countries based on country potential to generate global envir benefits and country capacity/ policies/ governance to implement GEF projects • Policy Recommendation of GEF 3 Replenishment & adopted by GEF Council in 2006 for GEF 4 (2006-2010) • Transparent and consistent system for allocating GEF $ to Countries • Limited to Biodi and CC for 2006-2010; in Biodi, 148 eligible country allocations ($1 Bil GEF4) • 30-40 countries allocations; rest (>100) minimal floor • 5% Set-aside for Global and Regional Projects

  30. Resource Allocation Framework-RAF • GEF Benefits Index –GBI : Potential to generate global environmental benefits made up of various scores on country ecosystems & species; dominated terestrial systems. • GEF Performance Index - GPI : Capacity of countries to deliver, made up of 3 indicators…mostly WB CPIA governance; and weighted more than GBI.

  31. Resource Allocation Framework-RAF • Took 4 years to operationalize for 2 largest GEF focal areas: Biodiversity and Climate • Smaller focal areas not yet involved in GEF 4: IW, LD, POPS—all in GEF 5 • In IW, we are starting to develop the RAF and we hope we can have an exclusion for testing approaches for Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions

  32. Strategic Programs For GEF IW Focal Area for GEF 4 (2006-2010) • SP-1: Restoring and sustaining coastal and marine fish stocks and associated biological diversity –ABNJ yes • SP-2: Reducingnutrient over-enrichment and oxygen depletion from land-based pollution of coastal waters in LMEs consistent with the GPA • SP-3: Balancing overuse and conflicting uses of water resources in surface and groundwater basins that are transboundary in nature • SP-4Reducing Persistent Toxic Substancesand testing adaptive management of waters with melting ice- Arctic yes

  33. Investing In Our Planet www.GEF.org Strategic Program 4 Reducing Persistent Toxic Substances and Adaptive Management of Waters with Melting Ice Approved Projects: • Dnipro Basin PTS (UNDP) • Integrated Management of Lake Baikal Basin (UNDP)

  34. Mountain Water Systems Melting Creates Downstream Water Conflicts

  35. Five IW Projects for Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction Submitted to GEF to Date • Western and Central Pacific Oceanic Fisheries- UNDP/ FFA/ WCPFC----underway • ASCLME-UNDP----underway • Southern Indian Ocean Seamounts- UNDP/ IUCN---approved concept (BPAs) • Southern Ocean Seabirds- UNDP / WWF----submitted, being downsized; needs FAO RFMOs • Indian Ocean Deep-sea Fisheries- FAO / IUCN ----submitted and needs work & links to GEF LME projects

  36. Southern Indian Ocean Seamounts Project-UNDP/IUCN *BPAs & Coord with ASCLME *New SIOF Agreement Needs incorporation; new FAO Deep Sea Fisheries Guidelines

  37. GEF Cross-Focal Area Model PROGRAM MARINE CORAL TRIANGLE INITIATIVE $63 Mil GEF; $426 Mil co-financing Opportunity for ABNJ

  38. GEF 5 (2010-2014) Replenishment • GEF Council members nominate focal area Technical Advisory Committee (TAG) members—Sept/Oct 2008 • TAGs established by GEF CEO--Nov 2008 • TAGs start work--Dec 2008 • TAGs develop focal area strategies—May 2009 • Focal area strategies vetted by GEF Replenishment Parties (summer-fall 2009) • Replenishment hopefully concluded Dec 2009

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