CDM 2007 Project Management The Bartlett, UCL Presented by: Nigel Evans MIIRSM, RMaPS, FRSPH

1. CDM 2007 Project Management The Bartlett, UCL Presented by: Nigel Evans MIIRSM, RMaPS, FRSPH

5. Safety Record Since CDM

6. CDM Prosecutions 12 month period (37)

20. CDM Example actions: The CDM Co-ordinator established that the design team meet on a regular basis and that “Health and Safety” is a regular part of the agenda. It was agreed that the drawings and design risk register would be regularly circulated around the team.

23. CDM EXAMPLES OF DESIGNER ACTIONS A school is situated adjacent to the site. Architect schedules out the school start and finish times to enable contractors to avoid peak deliveries in these periods. New drains connecting to existing effluent system. Engineer arranges for analysis of effluent data to be included in H&S Plan, to allow contractor to provide safety precautions.

25. Note SFAIRP – So far as is reasonably practicable Note SFAIRP – So far as is reasonably practicable

30. CDM 2007Principal contractors & contractors

31. Duties on the principal contractor (1) Little change between CDM 1994 and CDM 2007 Client should appoint a PC for notifiable projects and appoint as soon as is practicable Principal contractor should ensure that client is aware of duties, CDM co-ordinator has been appointed and HSE notified Those they appoint are competent The construction phase is properly planned, managed, monitored and resourced

32. Duties on the principalcontractor (2) Inform contractors of the minimum time allowed for planning and preparation Provide relevant information to contractors Ensure safe working, co-ordination and co-operation between contractors Construction phase health and safety plan is prepared and implemented Plan needs to set out the organisation and arrangements for managing risk and co-ordinating work Plan should be tailoured to the particular project and risks involved Suitable welfare from the start Manage health and safety on site, not the paperwork

33. Duties on the principalcontractor (3) Prepare and enforce site rules as required Give reasonable direction to contractors including client appointed contractors Prevent unauthorised entry Provide plan to those who need it Promptly provide the CDM co-ordinator with information for the file Liaise with CDM co-ordinator in relation to design and design changes Ensure all workers have been provided with suitable health and safety induction, information and training Note The duties are to monitor the construction phase – this does not mean they are required to supervise the work, that is the duty of the individual contractors to manage, supervise etc their own work, but the PC should have monitoring role – each contractor will have, to a varying degree, their own management arrangements.Note The duties are to monitor the construction phase – this does not mean they are required to supervise the work, that is the duty of the individual contractors to manage, supervise etc their own work, but the PC should have monitoring role – each contractor will have, to a varying degree, their own management arrangements.

34. Duties on the principalcontractor (4) Ensure the workforce is consulted about health and safety matters Display key project information to workers Does not have to Provide training to workers they do not employ (but contractors do) Undertake detailed supervision of contractors’ work Fill the construction phase plan with irrelevant information or endless generic paperwork

35. PRINCIPAL CONTRACTORExample actions: A copy of the Construction Stage Health and Safety Plan is included in all prospective sub-contractor tender documentation. Weekly meetings arranged with all sub-contractors to co-ordinate forthcoming work activities and to ensure that critical interfaces and data are exchanged.

36. Duties on contractors and self employed – all projects (1) Check clients are aware of their duties Not start work until they have obtained the pre-construction information from the client (or PC) Plan, manage and monitor their own work to make sure that their workers are safe Ensure they and those they appoint are competent and adequately resourced

37. Duties on contractors and self employed – all projects (2) Inform any contractor that they engage, of the minimum amount of time they have for planning and preparation Provide their workers (whether employed or self-employed) with any necessary information and training and induction Report anything that they are aware of that is likely to endanger the H&S of themselves or others Ensure that any design work they do complies with CDM design duties

38. Duties on contractors and self employed – all projects (3) Comply with the duties for site health and safety Co-operate and co-ordinate with others working on the project Consult the workforce Not begin work unless they have taken reasonable steps to prevent unauthorised access to the site Obtain specialist advice (e.g. from a structural engineer or occupational hygienist) where necessary

39. Duties on contractors and self employed – notifiable projects (1) Check that a CDM co-ordinator has been appointed and HSE notified before they start work Co-operate with the principal contractor, CDM co-ordinator and others working on the project Tell the principal contractor about risks to others created by their work Comply with any reasonable directions from the principal contractor Work in accordance with the construction phase plan

40. Duties on contractors and self employed – notifiable projects (2) Inform the principal contractor of the identity of any contractor he appoints or engages Inform the principal contractor of any problems with the plan or risks identified during their work that have significant implications for the management of the project Inform the principal contractor about any death, injury, condition or dangerous occurrence Provide information for the health and safety file

41. Contractors – Key messages You will benefit from the changes to the CDM Regulations by being involved in the project earlier, working to designs that are safer and healthier to build, receiving more relevant information and less paperwork It will be easier for you to show the principal contractor, or your client, that you and your subcontractors have the right skills and experience for the job Manager health and safety on site – manage the risk, not the paperwork

43. Note Objective: Key problems with designers under the CDM 1994 was a ‘lack’ of understanding of what was expected and a proliferation of paper work that branded CDM as inefficient and ineffective. This ‘common’ view has been damaging, CDM and the effective management of risk. For CDM 2007 we need to be clear Eliminate hazards. Complex paper systems are not required or desirable Good designers have always eliminated hazards. Objective to engage in the process, take ownership and reduce the total amount of risk in the process. We do not want to encourage a back covering exercises based on the reverse burden of proof or verification culture. The focus is in reducing risk by design –making a difference Note Objective: Key problems with designers under the CDM 1994 was a ‘lack’ of understanding of what was expected and a proliferation of paper work that branded CDM as inefficient and ineffective. This ‘common’ view has been damaging, CDM and the effective management of risk. For CDM 2007 we need to be clear Eliminate hazards. Complex paper systems are not required or desirable Good designers have always eliminated hazards. Objective to engage in the process, take ownership and reduce the total amount of risk in the process. We do not want to encourage a back covering exercises based on the reverse burden of proof or verification culture. The focus is in reducing risk by design –making a difference

44. Note Essential that designers provide clear (& concise) information about residual risks of their design, to those that need to know. Eg Other members of the design team, Pr Con, Coordinator, subcontractors (especially any specialist subcontractors). Do not tell contractors to wear Wellington boots etc. Control measure on site are for the contractor to manage Don’t overload with trivial & obvious risk information. They need to know any risks likely to arise from the design that will affect their work. Particularly the non-obvious risks. Some risks may be difficult to manage, and will require more effort than others. This should be identified. If they are not sure of what may be relevant then they can discuss it with the contractors and ask what is relevant to them. Note Essential that designers provide clear (& concise) information about residual risks of their design, to those that need to know. Eg Other members of the design team, Pr Con, Coordinator, subcontractors (especially any specialist subcontractors). Do not tell contractors to wear Wellington boots etc. Control measure on site are for the contractor to manage Don’t overload with trivial & obvious risk information. They need to know any risks likely to arise from the design that will affect their work. Particularly the non-obvious risks. Some risks may be difficult to manage, and will require more effort than others. This should be identified. If they are not sure of what may be relevant then they can discuss it with the contractors and ask what is relevant to them.

46. Note A flue pipe. Could it have been sited in a worse position for future maintenance? This has designed in risk and cost for any future work. When speaking to a designer remember ask what they have actually done to make a difference. Note A flue pipe. Could it have been sited in a worse position for future maintenance? This has designed in risk and cost for any future work. When speaking to a designer remember ask what they have actually done to make a difference.

47. Note There is no “right or wrong” way for designers to provide information to others. It will depend upon what the information is, and to whom it is being addressed. Notes on drawings are good, but will the person who will end up using the drawing be able to understand them in that format? Providing a sequence of construction may assist others. The designer may also be a contractor too, carrying out the work of their own design with their own employees. The information should be project specific, and concentrate on the significant risks. NOTE: ERI(C) – The “C” stands for control. This will normally apply to contractors and not to designers. Designers seldom have control on site to reduce the risk – that is a role of the contractor. Note There is no “right or wrong” way for designers to provide information to others. It will depend upon what the information is, and to whom it is being addressed. Notes on drawings are good, but will the person who will end up using the drawing be able to understand them in that format? Providing a sequence of construction may assist others. The designer may also be a contractor too, carrying out the work of their own design with their own employees. The information should be project specific, and concentrate on the significant risks. NOTE: ERI(C) – The “C” stands for control. This will normally apply to contractors and not to designers. Designers seldom have control on site to reduce the risk – that is a role of the contractor.

49. Note The clear message from HSE is we do not expect designer risk assessment to be done. If they are done it is because they are of benefit to the design process. They should not be done simply to satisfy the CDM co-ordinator or Inspectors. CDM co-ordinators should be positively discouraged from continuing the DRA or similar. Remember the objective of CDM is to reduce risk on site not to feed a system with paper. Note The clear message from HSE is we do not expect designer risk assessment to be done. If they are done it is because they are of benefit to the design process. They should not be done simply to satisfy the CDM co-ordinator or Inspectors. CDM co-ordinators should be positively discouraged from continuing the DRA or similar. Remember the objective of CDM is to reduce risk on site not to feed a system with paper.

50. Note We do not want paper kept for HSE. We want designers to reduce risk. This is a key and strong message only record etc when this has benefits to reduce risk on site.Note We do not want paper kept for HSE. We want designers to reduce risk. This is a key and strong message only record etc when this has benefits to reduce risk on site.

51. Note Do not confuse Design Risk Assessment with Design Review. Design Review is a process of co-ordination. It should allow the design team to critically analyse the design to ensure that it is suitable. The review should also involve contractors, clients, building users/ operators where appropriate. This should help to ensure that the the client gets what is required, but also that issues of health and safety are addressed and resolved at the design stage. For notifiable projects the CDM co-ordinator will be involved. Note Do not confuse Design Risk Assessment with Design Review. Design Review is a process of co-ordination. It should allow the design team to critically analyse the design to ensure that it is suitable. The review should also involve contractors, clients, building users/ operators where appropriate. This should help to ensure that the the client gets what is required, but also that issues of health and safety are addressed and resolved at the design stage. For notifiable projects the CDM co-ordinator will be involved.

57. Working above shoulder heightinevitable when building masonry If there is potentially a lot of work above shoulder height, can the design eliminate some of this? The contractor can mitigate on site by consideration of how he constructs the scaffold.If there is potentially a lot of work above shoulder height, can the design eliminate some of this? The contractor can mitigate on site by consideration of how he constructs the scaffold.

66. CDM 2007 Competence & training

67. What is competence? To be competent, an organisation or individual must have: Sufficient knowledge of the specific tasks to be undertaken and the risks which the work will entail; and Sufficient experience and ability to carry out their duties in relation to the project; to recognise their limitations and take appropriate action in order to prevent harm to those carrying out construction work, or those affected by the work

68. What does CDM 2007 require? All persons who have duties under CDM 2007 should: Take “reasonable steps” to ensure persons who are appointed are competent Not arrange for or instruct a worker to carry out or manage design or construction work unless the worker is competent Not accept an appointment unless they are competent Applies to corporate and individual competence

69. What does CDM 2007 require? Assessment should focus on the needs of the particular project and be proportionate to the risk, size and complexity of the work CDM 2007 should streamline the competence assessment process A key duty of the CDM co-ordinator is to advise the client about the competence of those employed by the client

70. Corporate competency should be assessed by a two-stage process Stage 1: An assessment of the company’s organisation and arrangements for health and safety Stage 2: An assessment of the company’s experience and track record Companies will be expected to reach the standards set out in the core criteria in CDM 2007 ACoP Appendix 4 The Core Criteria have been agreed between industry & HSE Corporate competency

71. Duty holders can: assess potential appointees against the core criteria or can use independent accreditation schemes such as CHAS, National Britannia Safe Contractor The agreed criteria will help prevent a diversity of demands from clients and others and reduce the amount of paperwork and bureaucracy Corporate competency Note CHAS : Contractors Health and Safety Assessment SchemeNote CHAS : Contractors Health and Safety Assessment Scheme

72. Individual competency Individual competency should be assessed by a two-stage process Stage 1: Assessment of knowledge, training records and qualifications, including basic understanding of site risks Stage 2: Past experience in the type of work you are asking them to do Those new to construction work will need close supervision by a competent person until they can themselves demonstrate competence

73. Individual competency – designers When assessing the competence of individual designers, look for Stage1: membership of professional institution e.g. RIBA, CIAT, ICE, IStruct E, CIOB etc. Stage 2: evidence of past experience in similar work You may need to take into account the skills and knowledge of other designers if the work is to be carried out by a design team Note Royal Institute of British Architects Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Chartered Institute of Building Note Royal Institute of British Architects Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Chartered Institute of Building

76. Individual competence – CDM Co-ordinator CDM co-ordinators play a key role in CDM 2007 and need Good interpersonal skills to encourage co-operation and co-ordination Understand the design process and the need to co-ordinate designers’ work Knowledge of health and safety in construction Identify the key information others will need to know

77. Individual competence – CDM Co-ordinator For smaller projects Stage 1: Knowledge of the design process and health and safety in construction (e.g. qualification such as NEBOSH construction certificate, Membership of the ICE health and safety register, IPS, APS, etc) Stage 2: Experience in applying the knowledge of construction

78. For larger/higher risk projects Likely to be a corporate CDM co-ordinator appointment Appendix 5 of CDM 2007 ACOP provides detailed guidance The skills and knowledge of the CDM co-ordinator will need to reflect the complexity of the project and the specialist knowledge necessary to ensure that the risks are properly controlled Individual competence – CDM co-ordinator Stage 1: Knowledge of design process & H&S in construction. Membership of relevant construction institution, professionally qualified to Chartered level, validated CPD for H&S (including NEBOSH Constr. Cert), membership of APS/IPS Stage 2: Evidence of experience & ability (eg worked on similar projects etc) Stage 1: Knowledge of design process & H&S in construction. Membership of relevant construction institution, professionally qualified to Chartered level, validated CPD for H&S (including NEBOSH Constr. Cert), membership of APS/IPS Stage 2: Evidence of experience & ability (eg worked on similar projects etc)

79. Key points Notification triggers appointment of additional duty holders and duties Principal contractor CDM co-ordinator Construction phase plan Health and safety file Most duties remain on clients, designers and contractors regardless of notification

80. HSE’s expectations on the construction industry A change in attitude is needed to deliver the much needed improvements in construction health and safety A ‘business as usual’ approach is not acceptable Industry needs to take ownership of the management of risk, show leadership and work in partnership Focus on effective planning and managing risk Ensure people are competent Reduce bureaucracy and paperwork

81. CDM 2007 – Further Advice CDM 2007 Regulations and Approved Code of Practice HSE Web Site - www.hse.gov.uk/construction/cdm CDM 2007 Industry Guidance – www.cskills.org/healthsafety/cdmregulations Design issues www.dbp.org.uk www.dqi.org.uk www.cic.org.uk www.ciria.org.uk/cpn_intro.htm

82. CDM CLOSE