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The Thirteen colonies

The Thirteen colonies. As the colonies grew in the 1600’s and 1700’s, they became the home to people of many lands. These people brought their own customs and traditions. In time, they shaped these old ways into a new American Culture .

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The Thirteen colonies

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  1. The Thirteen colonies

  2. As the colonies grew in the 1600’s and 1700’s, they became the home to people of many lands. These people brought their own customs and traditions. In time, they shaped these old ways into a new American Culture. • Today we’ll identify their similarities and differences

  3. What is a colony? • Land • Usually has a desired resource • Ruled by a country in another location

  4. Mercantilism and the Triangle Trade

  5. What was the purpose of mercantilism? • Economic system used by nations to grow wealth for the nation • Seeks to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports. • Exports- Goods sent to be sold outside the home country • Imports- Goods brought in to be sold from another country • Examples: • Triangle Trade • Navigation Acts • Stamp Act • Townshend Acts (Lead, Glass, Tea, Paint) • Tea Act • Molasses Act • Sugar Act

  6. Organization of Colonial Governments • 1. Joint Stock Company – self governing colony – operated under shared ownership (like a company… investors pool money together in exchange for a share of the company and profits) • Jamestown (invest capital, enjoy returns) • 2. Proprietary Colony – owned by wealthy landlords (PA, MD, DE) and nobles, recognized by king • 3. Royal Colony – Colony owned by Gov’t… royal governor appointed by king with elected representative assembly (if the king was okay with it) • NY, NC (eventually)

  7. Immigrants to the Colonies • Push – Pull Factors • Spain? – Where? • England? – Where? • France? – Where? • Dutch? – Where?

  8. The Three Regions • New England • Middle Colonies • Southern Colonies

  9. THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island

  10. Geographic Characteristics • Rocky soil and short growing seasons.

  11. Economic Characteristics • The New England colonies developed an economy based on ship-building, fishing, lumbering, small scale farming, and eventually, industrial manufacturing (factories)

  12. Religion in the Colonies Concept check… What is religion? Why does religion exist? Where have we seen religion in the colonies so far? Roanoke? Jamestown?

  13. The Anglican Church • “Church of England” • Split from Catholic Church as part of the Protestant Reformation • Henry VIII - Divorce

  14. Church of England Hierarchy

  15. English Theocracy • What is lacking in England???? • What if you don’t like the Anglican Church? • Dissenters were oppressed • Catholics were hated • The Gov’t was in control of official English religion! • This is what we call a Theocracy… a type of gov’t where church and gov’t are one. There is only one religion practiced and others are NOT tolerated • Not everyone in England is happy with the Anglican Church

  16. Puritans & Pilgrims Pilgrims desired a split from the Church of England Puritans- Desired reforms in the Church of England Tried to sail to Virginia but missed badly and ended up in Massachusetts Bay Very devout

  17. Plymouth Colony • Established in 1620 by the Pilgrims… Puritan separatists who believed the English Church was too corrupt to be saved. • In 1620, the Pilgrims crossed the Atlantic in the ship the Mayflower to found the Plymouth Colony on the south shore of Massachusetts Bay. • Before they disembarked, the group of about 100 made an agreement called the Mayflower Compact. • The settlers agreed to form a government and obey its laws. This idea of self-government would later become one of the founding principles of the United States. 19th Century depiction of Puritans landing at Plymouth Rock

  18. Plymouth Colony • Plymouth Colony • Pilgrims • 1620 • Massachusetts • Mayflower Compact – direct democracy, social contract

  19. Mayflower Compact, 1620 • In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620

  20. The Mayflower Compact Agreement made by the men of the first Plymouth colony, where the majority ruled.

  21. The Mayflower Compact Created a government based on town meetings, where the majority vote ruled. An example of Direct Democracy.

  22. Colonists saved by Squanto • First Thanksgiving

  23. Massachusetts Bay Colony • Large Puritan Colony in North America, much larger than Plymouth Colony • Established in 1630 under the leadership of John Winthrop and with Boston as its capital • Settlers believed that they were “A City on a Hill”

  24. Puritans • Religious movement begun in England by those who wished to purify the Church of England. Puritans believed in a literal interpretation of the Bible and that salvation depended on the will of God and not on observance of rituals. • The Puritans followed the teachings of the theologian John Calvin. They believed that they could prepare for God’s saving grace by leading moral lives, praying devoutly, reading the Bible, and heeding their minister’s sermons. • But not even the most devout could claim salvation as a right and a certainty, for they believed God alone determined who was saved. Salvation depended on the will of God rather than good behavior or adherence to church rules (elected vs. choice).

  25. Puritans • Puritans came from all ranks of English society, including aristocrats. • Most belonged to “the middling sort” –small-property holders, farmers, shopkeepers, and skilled artisans. Their modest properties put them economically ahead of much of the English population. • Puritanism reinforced the values of thrift, diligence, and morality. Puritans insisted that men honored God by working hard in their occupations. One Puritan explained, “God sent you unto this world as unto a Workhouse, not a Playhouse.

  26. Social Characteristics New England’s colonial society and government was based on religious standing (the religious leaders were also the political leaders)

  27. Social Characteristics 1) New England communities were closed religious communities. Everyone went to the same church.

  28. Social Characteristics 2) The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged their belief in the connection between religion and government

  29. Social Characteristics “Protestant Work Ethic” – Puritans religious beliefs were closely tied to values of hard work and thrift.

  30. Salem Witch Trials

  31. Religious Freedom • Roger Williams • Broke away from Puritans/was banned (for his “dangerous” ideas), forms Rhode Island Colony • Desired “separation of church and state” • Forbade any type of slavery and was friendly to natives (wanted to actually pay them for land!).

  32. The Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware

  33. Geographic Characteristics • Average soil quality and average growing seasons.

  34. Economic Characteristics • The Middle colonies developed economies based on ship building, small-scale farming, and trading

  35. Economic Characteristics Ports in this region such as New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore began to grow as seaports and commercial centers

  36. Political Characteristics • New Netherland established by the Dutch in 1650 along the Hudson River. • Established the town of New Amsterdam, but did not defend it well.

  37. Political Characteristics • The British took the colony by force in 1663 and renamed it New York.

  38. Social Characteristics The Middle Colonies were home to many diverse cultural and religious groups such as Swedes, Germans and Dutch.

  39. Social Characteristics 1) Believed in ideas of religious freedom. Quakers in Pennsylvania Catholics in Maryland

  40. Social Characteristics 2) These colonies were chiefly settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity 3) In the Middle Colonies there was a strong belief in religious freedom and religious tolerance

  41. Social Characteristics 4) The Middle colonies had a more flexible society and they began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers

  42. Catholics in English Colonies • Fled England due to discrimination of Anglicans • Settle in Maryland • Catholics will be the most hated religious group in the 13 colonies until well after the American Revolution.

  43. Separation of Church and State • Why might having your government choosing a state religion be bad? • Examples? • ISIS? Iran?

  44. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

  45. Geographic Characteristics • Warm weather, good soil and long growing seasons.

  46. Economic Characteristics Virginia and the other Southern colonies developed economies in the Eastern coastal lowlands based on large plantations

  47. Economic Characteristics • These plantations typically grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, indigo, and rice for export to Britain

  48. Economic Characteristics Further inland, however, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian mountain foothills (Shenandoah Valley) the economy was based on small scale subsistence farming and hunting and trading

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