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The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. SBI 3U January 14 th , 2013. The Respiratory System. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its external environment Respiratory system : supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide CO 2 and breathing rate. More Respiratory Functions.

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The Respiratory System

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  1. The Respiratory System SBI 3U January 14th, 2013

  2. The Respiratory System • Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its external environment • Respiratory system: supplies oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide • CO 2 and breathing rate

  3. More Respiratory Functions • Defends body against foreign pathogens • Controls pH levels • Produces sounds for speaking • Helps maintain homeostasis

  4. Components of Respiration • Ventilation or breathing • Inhalation and exhalation • Lungs: specialized structures for respiration (large surface area)

  5. Components of Respiration • External Respiration • Exchange of gases across the respiratory surface between air sacs or alveoli and the blood • Respiratory surface – where oxygen diffuses into organism and CO2 diffuses out

  6. Components of Respiration • Internal Respiration • Exchange of gases between the blood in capillaries and individual cells in the tissues • Oxygen diffuses out of blood and CO2 diffuses in

  7. Components of Respiration • Occurs in the mitochondria • Glucose as fuel

  8. Anatomy of Respiratory System • Upside down tree! • Begins with nasal cavity and ends at alveoli • Consists of: nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, smaller conducting passageways, and lungs

  9. Nasal and Oral Cavities • 21% of every air inhalation is oxygen • Inhalation from mouth vs. nose • Nasal cavity: lined with mucus-secreting cells; helps to moisten and filter incoming air • Oral cavity

  10. The Pharynx • Pharynx: common path for both air and food • Trachea/epiglottis • Larynx at top of trachea

  11. The Larynx • Adam’s apple • Produces sound • Vocal chords: two highly elastic folds inside larynx

  12. The Trachea • Windpipe • Allows air to pass from pharynx into lungs • Tough, flexible, c-shaped cartilage rings surrounds the trachea

  13. Respiratory Structures Within the Chest Cavity • Trachea divides into 2 branches: right and left bronchi • Left bronchus  Left lung • Right bronchus  Right lung • Lungs • Bronchi branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles • Alveoli

  14. Respiratory Structures Within the Chest Cavity • Bronchioles enter in a cluster of tiny hollow air sacs called alveoli • 150 million alveoli in each lung! • Occur in clusters • Gas exchange

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