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Education, Development and Conflict: The Other Face of Education

Education, Development and Conflict: The Other Face of Education. 21 October 2010 IDS Lecture Series Sanne VanderKaaij & Mieke Lopes Cardozo S.VanderKaaij@uva.nl & T.A.LopesCardozo@uva.nl. Presentation outline. Education in a changing global context

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Education, Development and Conflict: The Other Face of Education

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  1. Education, Development and Conflict:The Other Face of Education 21 October 2010 IDS Lecture Series Sanne VanderKaaij & Mieke Lopes Cardozo S.VanderKaaij@uva.nl & T.A.LopesCardozo@uva.nl

  2. Presentation outline • Education in a changing global context • The rise of interest in Education & Conflict • Complex relationships conflict & education • Religion, Education & Development • Case: Muslim education in India

  3. Debates on 3

  4. Education in a changing (inter)national context 9/11 ‘Terrorism’ ‘New intrastate wars’ 17 million ‘failed/fragile states’ refugees/IDPs Poverty and Violence at schools & social exclusion Increased military budgets EDUCATION

  5. Education & Conflict: various agenda’s • MDG – EFA agenda • The Global Politics of Education & Conflict • Merging of Security & Development: 3D approach - Post 9/11

  6. GMR Background study:Dutch aid to Education & Conflict ‘The Dutch Way’ • Relatively large player in termsof funding commitment • Biggest single grant ever to UNICEF EEPCT • Flexibility in aid mechanisms: multilateral, bilateral and civil society/private sector • Fragmentation in state led aid: three departments in MFA (DSO, EFV & DMH/HH) + MoD

  7. ‘Seeing the world from the perspective of ‘the other’ is a difficult task: ‘As often have been noted, one persons’ terrorist is another’s freedom fighter’ (Shapiro 2002: 3)

  8. Conflict→ Unstable & unequal societies Peace → social cohesion & justice • Segregation • Social exlusion/ poverty • Breakdown of social cohesion • Indoctrination • Violence • Dominant masculinity & militarism • Essentialist vs hybrid identities • Equal rights & opportunities • Tolerance • Respect for diversity • Resilient schools ‘TWO FACES OF EDUCATIONBush & Salterelli (2000)

  9. ReligiousSchools:GrowthofAttention • Growth attention for FB schools • Main reasons: • 1) Terrorist attacks & Communal violence • Global: Taliban, 9/11 • India: Ayodhya 1992; Mumbai 1993; Delhi 2001; Gujurat 2002; Delhi 2005, Varanasi 2006, Mumbai 2008 • 2) Role of FBOs in education provision • History – missionairies & local groups • Present – budget deficiencies

  10. Religious Schools: Growth in Numbers? • But also growth in reality? • India: No exact numbers • Data • Definitions • India: New types since 1990s: private faith based schools • Combination regular & religious studies • Lower, middle, upper class • Private schools

  11. Explanations for Growth? Supply • Suspicion on motives suppliers • Generalisations ; No micro-studies • But: FB schooling not bad for social cohesion per se • What they learn is more important then where they learn it. • Interaction not necasary to build tolerance. • Segregation to avoid discrimination. • Micro-level study shows heterogeneity: • Religious aspects of school (moderate, strong, secular) • Cost / management of school (philanthropy, business)

  12. Explanations for Growth? Demand • Different types of motives of parents • 1. Din • 2. Dunya • 3.Context

  13. Importance of Micro Level Study in Context of Education & Conflict • Schools = variation = various possible effects on society • “Use” (& not alienate) the “good ones” for devt goals • Tool to uncover what is happening in society

  14. The Other Face of Education…. • Relation education & development can be problematic • Education situated in the socio-political context of conflict • Role education excecerbating or decreasing tensions. • Education in a policy context of conflict: gradual merging of security & development • Education from a micro-perspective: show variations, and inform us one larger societial phenomena and trends

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