The Human Brain : The four Lobes

2. The Human Brain:The four Lobes

3. Brain Basics • the primary organof the central nervous system, protected by the skull • The control center for all activities necessary for survival

4. Brain Basics With each heartbeat, arteries carry about 20 to 25 percent of your blood to your brain, where billions of cells use about 20 percent of the oxygen and fuel your blood carries.

5. Brain Basics • When you are thinkinghard, your brain may use up to 50 percent of the fuel and oxygen. • The whole vessel network includes veins and capillaries in addition to arteries

6. Hemispheres Each side of the brain is one hemisphere. Each of these hemispheres contain four different lobes.

7. Hemispheres

8. The Coverings of the Brain (Meninges) Layers of tissue that separate your brain from the outside world • Skin • Skull • Meninges

9. Meninges membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

10. Meninges DURA MATER outermost layer tough and thick restricts the movement of the brain within the skull

11. Meninges ARACHNOID named because of its spider web-like appearance thin, transparent membrane that cushions the nervous system impermeable to fluid (barrier layer)

12. Meninges PIA MATER “soft mother” contains blood vessels, especially the capillariesthat nourish the brain

13. Major Parts of the Brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla or Brain Stem

14. Cerebrum: “Thinking Wrinkles” Specific regions of the cortex: • Interpret sensations from your body, and sights, sounds and smells from the outside world. • Generate thoughts, solve problems and make plans. • Form and store memories. • Control voluntary movement.

15. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~bbrown/psyc1501/brain/lobes2.jpg See Chart of Lobe Functions

16. The Occipital Lobe Sight

17. Temporal Lobe Temporal Lobe Brain Occipital Lobe Parietal Lobe Frontal Lobe • Receives & processes sound • Recognizing faces • Emotion • Long term memory

18. Body awareness Parietal Lobe Parietal Lobe Brain Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Frontal Lobe

19. Frontal Lobe Frontal Lobe Brain Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Parietal Lobe

20. The Case of Phineas Gage On September 3, 1848, the then 25-year-old Gage was working as the foreman of a crew preparing a railroad bed near Cavendish, Vermont. He was using an iron tamping rod to pack explosive powder into a hole. Unfortunately, the powder detonated, sending the 43 inch long and 1.25 inch diameter rod hurtling upward. The rod penetrated Gage's left cheek, tore through his brain, and exited his skull before reportedly landing some 80 feet away.

21. Mike the Headless Chicken

22. Put your thinking caps on! 1. After a severe accident, a person can write and talk but has to learn to walk again. What part of the brain might have been affected? Frontal lobe 2. Jamie arrives by ambulance after being hit by a car. She’s complaining of numbness in her lower body. What part of the brain may have been injured? Parietal lobe

23. Put your thinking caps on! 3. Anjo fell down the stairs and hit his head. He has difficulty explaining what happened because he has trouble forming simple sentences. What part of the brain may have been injured? Frontal lobe 4. Arvi hit his head while riding a bike a few weeks ago. He was wearing a helmet but it wasn’t covering his forehead. He became shy and quiet after the accident, when he used to be bubbly and outgoing. What part of the brain may have been injured? Frontal lobe

24. Summary Brain Occipital Lobe Temporal Lobe Parietal Lobe Frontal Lobe • Both of the hemispheres of the brain contain four lobes • The lobes are: Occipital, Temporal, Parietal and Frontal • These four lobes each have unique features and functions • All of these lobes work together to help make the brain so remarkable.