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Influences of Social Structure on Implementation and Evolution of Turkish Distance Education

Influences of Social Structure on Implementation and Evolution of Turkish Distance Education. Fethi A. Inan The University of Memphis Erman Yükseltürk Middle East Technical University. MSERA 2004, Gatlinburg, TN, Nov. 17-19, 2004. Turkey.

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Influences of Social Structure on Implementation and Evolution of Turkish Distance Education

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  1. Influences of Social Structure on Implementation and Evolution of Turkish Distance Education Fethi A. Inan The University of Memphis Erman Yükseltürk Middle East Technical University MSERA 2004, Gatlinburg,TN, Nov. 17-19, 2004

  2. Turkey Turkey's land mass is 814.578 sq.km. The European and Asian sides are divided by the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles.

  3. Facts About Turkey • Population of Turkey : • 67.8 million (as of 2002) • Number of PC s : • 1.4 Million • Number of cellular phone holders : • 28 Million (2003) • Yearly income per capita : • $3.500 • Current Internet Users : • 5.5 million (2003) • Literacy rate (2003) • total population: 86.5% • male: 94.3% • female: 78.7%

  4. Turkish Education System • Primary school (K 1-8) • Mandatory • Directed by Government • High School (K 9-11) • Directed by Government • Separate schools (Regular/ Vocational) • University • Enrolment by national student selection exam • Facilitate by Higher Education Council

  5. Turkish Education System

  6. Characteristics of Turkish Culture Low-power distance High-power distance Strong uncertainty av. Weak uncertainty Av. Femininity Masculinity Collectivist Individualistic High-context Low-context Adapted from McIsaac, M. S. & Aydin, C. H. (2004)

  7. History: DE in Turkey • Distance education has been employed in the Turkish Education System during three prominent periods: • 1927-1955 : first period • 1956-1981 : second period • 1982-1996 : third period • after 1996 :fourth period

  8. History: DE in Turkey, 1st period • In 1927, A distance education model, “correspondence course”, was offered to increase national literacy • From 1935 to 1955, distance education was brought to the agenda of public opinion from time to time but no action was taken

  9. History: DE in Turkey: 2nd period • In 1958, Correspondence Course Center (CCC) was founded within the Ministry of Education • School Radio started in 1963 • 1975 to 1978, "Education Through Letters" application started

  10. History: DE in Turkey, 3rd period • In 1982, Anadolu University (Open Education Faculty, OEF) started a program in Business Administration and Economics • OEF extends number of programs and students after starting one program and about 30.000 students. • OEF had a total of 650.000 students regarding the 1998-1999 academic year

  11. History: DE in Turkey, 4th period • In 1996, Bilkent University initiated some synchronous DE courses via satellite. • In 1997, Middle East Technical University (METU) started experimental distance education course via the Internet. • In 1998, METU started Internet Based Distance Learning certificate programs • In 2000, Sakarya University started online certificate programs

  12. History: DE in Turkey, 4th period • Online degree programmes • Istanbul Bilgi University, 2000:Online Business Administration (e-MBA) • Middle East Technical University: Online Master of Science Program in Information Science. • Anadolu University & Suny, ESC started a joint e-MBA program

  13. Preview: DE in Turkey

  14. Conclusion & Suggestions • Analyze the needs, problems, and characteristics of society • Ready-to-use interventions have never been successful in Turkey so that people should be provided with alternative technology solutions • Examine prior experiences

  15. Things to do • Create technology infrastructure • Improve access to information technologies • Train faculty members and teachers in educational institutions

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