Marine Food Resources : Fisheries: Highly useful source of human nutrition (about 4% of human protein source)

1. Marine Food Resources: • Fisheries: Highly useful source of human nutrition (about 4% of human protein source) • Fishes (sardine, herring, anchovy, mackerel, salmon, tuna, cod, flounder etc.) • Mollusks (shelled creatures: oysters, mussels, clams; and squids/octopus) • Crustaceans (crabs, shrimps, and lobsters) • Economic Impact: 15 million jobs; $70 billion dollars in 1995. ~ 100 million metric tons caught annually.

2. 50% of world catch by: • China • Japan • Peru • Chile • Russia • U.S

5. High Technology, Global scale fisheries are now well established but: • cost/unit has increased • annual harvests are declining and per capita catch is rapidly declining catch is decreasing, population continues to increase • 1999 - $224 billion spent to generate $70 billion in fish

7. Peru Sardine

10. Pacific herring and mackeral

13. Impact of global warming • Maximum Sustainable Yield: fundamental concept for renewable resource exploitation: • Over fishing => depletion of breeding stock below that required for replenishment of the species - • North Atlantic Cod fishery • Pacific Northwest Salmon (E&S) and King crab fishery

15. Peru Anchovy

17. Pacific Sardine : Commercial extinction • Whale industry • successive fishing of species to commercial extinction 1986 International Whaling Commission stop killing of large whales • Still fishing whales - Japan, Norway, Iceland, Native Alaskans

19. Drift Nets: Marine food resource "strip mining"  • ghost nets and pirates still doing this • Bycatch: discarded catch of non-selective fishing gear

22. Tragedy of the Commons • Depleted fisheries cause fisherman to increase harvest, which further depletes fisheries which causes fisherman to increase harvest, which further depletes fisheries, etc. etc...... • "The tragedy of the commons" • Benefits are reaped by the individual • Costs are shared communally

24. No incentive to conserve • Only solution - • informed populace - Communication, • scientifically understood population and • regulations, incentives (to help the resource) • universal acceptance • monitoring and enforcement • divide up the oceans?

26. Aquaculture: farming plants or animals in controlled conditions • ~ 10% of commercial food resource • Finfish: • catfish • Salmontrout • Shellfish/Crustaceans • clams • crawfish • mussels • oysters • shrimp • Seaweed - kelp (algin) (E&S)

28. Seaweed - kelp (algin); Drugs