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Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Chemistry. Difference between radioactivity, radiation, radioisotopes Learn the three main types of radiation What is the band of stability? Radioactivity and half-life. 25.1 Radiation 25.2 Nuclear Transformations. Discovered by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896

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Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry • Difference between radioactivity, radiation, radioisotopes • Learn the three main types of radiation • What is the band of stability? • Radioactivity and half-life 25.1 Radiation 25.2 Nuclear Transformations

  2. Discovered by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896 He saw that photographic plates developed bright spots when exposed to uranium metals Radioactivity

  3. The Experiment That Started it All They were studying effect of uranium salts that were exposed to sunlight and fogged photographic film. On cloudy day, he left uranium on film and it made this image. Marie Curie and Antoine Becquerel-1896

  4. Radioactivity - Process by which substances give off the rays that fogged the photographic film • Radiation - What the actual rays are called • Radioisotopes - Unstable isotopes that become stable by emitting energy and radiation Definitions

  5. The Radium Girls Grace Fryer and the other women at the radium factory in Orange, New Jersey, naturally supposed that they were not being poisoned. It was a little strange, Fryer said, that when she blew her nose, her handkerchief glowed in the dark. But everyone knew the stuff was harmless. The women even painted their nails and their teeth to surprise their boyfriends when the lights went out. They all had a good laugh, then got back to work, painting a glow-in-the-dark radium compound on the dials of watches, clocks, altimeters and other instruments.

  6. Alpha • Beta • Gamma Three Main Types of Radiation

  7. Loss of an -particle (a helium nucleus) 238 92 234 90 4 2 4 2 He U Th He +  Alpha Radiation

  8. Alpha Radiation

  9. Beta Radiation

  10. Beta Radiation

  11. Loss of a -ray (high-energy radiation that almost always accompanies the loss of a nuclear particle)  0 0 Gamma Radiation

  12. Radiation Comparisons

  13. Nuclei above this belt have too many neutrons. They tend to decay by emitting beta particles. Band of Stability

  14. There are no stable nuclei with an atomic number greater than 83. These nuclei tend to decay by alpha emission. Stability of Nuclei

  15. Half Life (t1/2) is the time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay. Half-Life Carbon-14 has a half life of 5715 years. If you had 20 mg of C-14 the following would be true …

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