Summer Supplementation: Plant, Animal and Environmental Response ─ A Nebraska Perspective

1. Summer Supplementation: Plant, Animal and Environmental Response ─ A Nebraska Perspective Terry Klopfenstein, Will Griffin, Kelsey Rolfe Animal Science, UNL

2. Gain response to escape protein.

3. Price of DDG and Pasture

9. Effect of Supplemental Dried Distillers Grains on Average Daily Gain

10. DDG Supplementation on Sandhills • 520 lb heifers • 5 lb (DM) DDGS daily • Controls 1.0 ADG • Supplemented 2.5 ADG • MP, -145 g/day

11. DDG Supplementation on Brome • 650 lb heifers • 1, 2.1, 3.1 or 4.2 lb daily • Energy control

14. Supplementation Study

15. Objective Determine the effect of supplemental DDGS on performance of steers grazing cool season sub-irrigated meadow Evaluate whether the response is due to supplemental UIP or energy

16. Procedures • 2 Experiments: • Gudmundsen Research Lab (Whitman, Ne) • Experiment 1: (May7, 2007 to August 8, 2007) • 28 spring born steers (640 ± lb) • DDGS supplement = 0.6% of BW/d (based on initial BW) • Experiment 2: (May 21, 2008 to August 20, 2008) • 48 spring born steers (618 ± 45 lb) • DDGS supplement = 0.6 or 1.2% of BW/d (initial BW)

17. Procedures • Both experiments: • 3-d limit fed weights to determine initial BW and ending BW (Limit fed hay = 1.8% of BW) • Stratified by Initial BW and randomly assigned to treatment • Steers were individually penned 6 d/wk at 0700 hr and individually supplemented • Steers were penned until all DDGS was consumed

19. Experiment 1 Item Con DDGSa SEM Initial BW, lb 638 641 13 Ending BW, lb 818 831 13 Grazing days 92 92 -- Grazing ADG, lb/d 1.95 2.06 0.07 aSteers supplemented DDGS 0.6% of initial BW.

20. Experiment 2 Item Con Lowa Highb SEM Trtc Ld Qe Initial BW, lb 616 623 616 20 0.91 0.93 0.67 Ending BW, lb 793z 829y 851x 13 0.02 < 0.01 0.79 Grazing days 91 91 91 --- --- --- --- Grazing ADG, lb/d 1.97z 2.26y 2.62x 0.09 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.85 aSteers supplemented DDGS at 0.06% of initial BW. bSteers supplemented DDGS at 1.2% of initial BW. cP-value for protected F test. dLinear P-value. eQuadratic P-value xyzMeans with differing superscripts are different.

21. Forage Intake • 1996 NRC Model • Nutrient analysis from diet samples • Animal Performance: • Average BW • ADG • Determine MP Balance

22. NRC Results Item Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Inputs Average BW, lb 728 706 ADG, lb/d 1.95 1.97 NE adjusters 100 100 Results Calc. forage intake, lb/d 17.9 20.2 MP balance, g/d - 43 - 22

23. Meta Analysis • Grazing • 35 treatment means • 394 yearling cattle • KS & NE • Smooth Brome, Bermudagrass, Sandhills range • 60-196 hd • Pen-fed • 348 calves • hay, alfalfa, sorghum silage • 82-95 d

24. Figure 1. Effect of DDGS supplementation on ADG for growing\cattle supplemented DDGS

25. Effect of DDGS supplementation on intake for cattle fed in pens

26. Effect of increasing supplemental level of dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) to growing cattle DDGS supplementationa: 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5 6.0 7.5 Linb Quadb Pasture studies: Final BW, lb 826 860 885 900 906 903 <0.01 0.08 ADG, lb/d 1.47 1.73 1.92 2.06 2.14 2.16 <0.01 0.14 Pen studies: Final BW, lb 685 724 755 779 795 803 <0.01 <0.01 ADG, lb/d 1.21 1.65 1.99 2.25 2.42 2.49 <0.01 <0.01 Total intake, lb/d 12.7 13.9 14.9 15.7 16.3 16.6 <0.01 <0.01 Forage intake, lb/d 12.7 12.4 11.9 11.2 10.3 9.1 0.31 <0.01 Forage replacementc, lb/d 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.5 2.4 3.6 --- --- Forage replaced/DDGSd, lb/lb 0.00 0.20 0.27 0.33 0.40 0.48 --- --- aSupplemented level of DDGS (DM-basis) in lb/hd daily. bEstimation equation linear and quadratic term t-statistic for variable of interest response to DDGS supplementation level. cForage replacement calculated using forage intake at 0.0 lb/d supplementation and subtracting forage intake value for respective level of supplementation. dThe amount of forage replaced per lb of DDGS supplemented.

27. Effect of DDGS supplementation on ADG for growing\cattle supplemented DDGS

28. Objectives Determine the effects of supplementing modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) while grazing native range.

29. Design 240 yearling steers (BW = 726 ± 35 lb). Backgrounding: Late fall to April 21 (144 d). Supplemented 5.0 lb/hd/d WCGF. Smooth brome grazing: April 22 to May 11 (21 d).

30. Design Summer grazing: Barta Bros. Ranch. May 12 to September 23 (135 d). 2 Treatment groups: No supplementation (CON). MDGS supplementation at 0.6% BW (SUPP).

31. Results

32. 0.74 lb grass was saved for every 1.0 lb MDGS fed! Results

33. Results Griffin et al., 2009, Neb. Beef Report

34. ADGCON = 1.36 lb Results ADGSUPP = 2.20 lb

35. Treatments 3 year study 3 trt and 3 reps Fertilization (FERT) 80 lb/ac 4 AUM/ac Supplement (SUPP) 5 lb/hd/d DDG 4 AUM/ac Control (CONT) 69% stocking rate 2.75 AUM/ac CONT FERT

36. Animal Performance Treatment Item CONT FERT SUPP Pasture Performance Days 160 160 160 1 Initial BW, lb 726 724 726 1 a b End BW, lb a 968 961 1049 b a ADG, lb 1.5 1.47 2.02 a 1 limit fed BW. a,b Means without a common superscript differ (P<0.01). No TRT x Year interaction P = 0.65

37. 3.50 0.60 3.00 0.50 ADG Response, lb 2.50 ADG, lb 0.40 2.00 0.30 1.50 0.20 1.00 0.10 0.50 0.00 0.00 0 50 100 150 200 Grazing Period, d

38. Effects of Varying N Fertilizer and DDGS Prices on Costs of Gain for Steers Grazing Smooth Bromegrass in Eastern Nebraska