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English 10

English 10. getting started. Why do we use LANGUAGE? Communicate ideas and get information Demonstrate what we know and understand Express our unique identity Affect others To THINK up new ideas To MAKE SENSE of the world we live in. This class is about exploring HOW we use

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English 10

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  1. English 10 getting started

  2. Why do we use LANGUAGE? • Communicate ideas and get information • Demonstrate what we know and understand • Express our unique identity • Affect others • To THINK up new ideas • To MAKE SENSE of the world we live in

  3. This class is about exploring HOW we use language in accomplishing those goals.

  4. What do the following have in common? *putting together a model car, airplane, or puzzle *sewing a garment *preparing a meal *building a house *playing computer games *getting to know someone *planning a party

  5. Language has a hierarchy ESSAY paragraph sentence dependent clauses phrases words letters sounds

  6. How the Hierarchy works: ESSAY PARAGRAPHS make up essays. Paragraphs have different JOBS in the essay depending upon where they appear in the essay. sentences make up paragraphs. Sentences have different JOBS in the paragraph depending upon where they appear in the paragraph. PARAGRAPHS Words, phrases, AND CLAUSES make up sentences. These structures have different JOBS depending upon how they are connected to other parts of the sentence. SENTENCES

  7. GRAMMAR The rules of language that dictate how we put words together in sentences to create meaning. Those rules are first identified in PARTS OF SPEECH

  8. There are many varieties of English. (each has its own grammar) We will be studying STANDARD ENGLISH

  9. STANDARD ENGLISH Follows the rules of language taught in school

  10. You have used language without much thought your whole life… now, I want you to begin THINKING about HOW you use language to COMMUNICATE. It is easier to pay attention to HOW you do something by comparing it to how others do it.

  11. What is communication? Creation of Meaning

  12. What makes successful communication? person receiving the message UNDERSTANDS it how the person creating the message INTENDS

  13. Anything that has PARTS that are ARRANGED in aPARTICULAR ORDERis said to have structure

  14. A sentence has parts . Those parts have order, though that order is flexible in many ways. Strong communication begins with understanding SENTENCE STRUCTURE because all grammatical errors occur at the sentence level of writing.

  15. every sentence has SUBJECT (identifies what the sentence is about) PREDICATE (identifies what is happening and to whom it is happening)

  16. threeSTRUCTURESword together to make the subjects and predicates WORDS PHRASES CLAUSES

  17. WORDS SINGLE ELEMENT THAT DOES ONE JOB AS DEFINED BY THE PARTS OF SPEECH Parts of speech identify how words function relative to other words in the sentence. You MUST see words in a sentence to determine what part of speech they are. Every word has a job; but every word has one job.

  18. The brown dog barked loudly. The blue car swerved and barely missed the little old lady. The new song really caused an immediate and overwhelming response.

  19. phrases GROUP OF WORDS that function as a single element and that does one job as defined by the parts of speech Phrases can FUNCTION as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. VERBS together with their auxiliary verbs also create a phrase.

  20. The brown dog barked loudly. The brown dog with the red collar barked loudly at the car. The blue car swerved and barely missed the little old lady. The blue car with a missing headlight swerved out of the lane and barely missed the old lady with a cane. The new song really caused an immediate and overwhelming response. The new song by Jay Z really caused an immediate and overwhelming response by the public in the charts.

  21. clauses GROUP OF WORDS that function as a single element and that does one job as defined by the parts of speech And has a S & V Clauses can FUNCTION as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.

  22. The brown dog barked loudly. The brown dog with the red collar barked loudly at the mailman. The brown dog with the red collar that jingles when he moves barked loudly at the man who walks on this street. The blue car swerved and barely missed the little old lady. The blue car with a missing headlight swerved out of the lane and barely missed the old lady with a cane. The blue car with a missing headlight that must be special ordered swerved out of the lane and barely missed the old lady with a canewho walks down this street every day. The new song really caused an immediate response. The new song by Jay Z really caused an immediate response in the charts. The new song that Jay Z wrote with his father really caused an immediate response in the charts that music producers follow most closely.

  23. Whoever walks down this street (should) bring a treat for the barking dog by the blue house. noun clause as subject Buying a new headlight for that car is important because the street has so many potholes. noun phrase as subject; adverb clause Knowing the music industry gives Jay Z an edge when he chooses the songs that he will release. noun phrase as subject; adverb clause describing the verb; adjective clause describing the object of the verb in the dependent clause

  24. For a group of words to be aSENTENCE • Must have SUBJECT (actor) • Must have VERB (action) • Must make sense • (express a COMPLETE THOUGHT)

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