Eastern Mediterranean University Architecture Department

1. Eastern Mediterranean University Architecture Department Research subject: Use of Building Materials in terms of sustainable design: Case Studies Assignment 2 Sustainability in interior design Instructor: Assoc.prof.Dr.ÖzlemOlgaçTürker Presented by: BehnazAmirzadeh shams, 125195

2. Introduction: • Evaluation Items For Sustainability • 2. Materials and Sustainability challenges • Resource efficiency • Energy & Cost efficiency • Functional requirements • Human health • 3. Use of Building Materials: case studies • 3.1. Elemental and experimental materials • Straw Bale Café • N4+ Gluebam House • Morerava Cabins • 3.2. Salvaged and Recycled Materials • IE Paper Pavilion • Hill End Ecohouse • 747 Wing House • References Timetable

3. Evaluation factors for Sustainable building design http://www.archdaily.com/228578/infographic-leed/

4. Use of Building Materials: Responding to Sustainability challenges • Factors that should be considered in using of building materials: (Yang & Brandon & Sidwell, 2005) • Resource efficiency: • Recyclable , renewable and rapidly harvested materials • Energy efficiency: • Locally sourced and low embodied energy materials (Embodied energy in material assessment, include the whole life cycle of materials from extraction of raw material to use and disposal phase) • Affordability & Functionality: • Use of affordable and available materials, long lasting materials with little maintenance & safety, ease of construction • Human health: • Low VOCs & toxic off gassing materials

5. Use of Building Materials: Responding to Sustainability challenge • Durability, reuse, adaptability • Low mission • Enhanced access, security and safety • Renewable materials • locally sourced • human health • Waste avoidance • Resource control • Energy efficiency • Pollution avoidance • Recover, recycle, reuse • Waste avoidance (Yang & Brandon & Sidwell, 2005)

6. Use of Building Materials: Responding to Sustainability challenge • Evaluation of cases help us to understand how designer experiment with materials or create new applications for them. It could include new developed materials, local or traditional materials as well as, salvaged or reused materials (Chen & Kennedy, 2008). Elemental and experimental materials • Elemental materials: such as bamboo and straw: low embodied energy, recyclable, low cost , no toxic • Experimental using of building materials: for example: prefabricated materials and elements help to reduction of waste ,resource and energy efficiency and increase the speed of production. Use of Building Materials responding to sustainability Salvaged and Recycled Materials • The use of Salvaged (renovated) and recycled materials help to resource efficiency • Salvaged materials: Materials that were not disposed of but renovated, repaired, restored, or generally products whose appearance, performance, and functionality was improved.

7. Case Studies Elemental and experimental materials • Straw Bale Café • N4+ GluebamHouse • Morerava Cabins

8. 1. Straw Bale Cafe Architect: Hewitt Studios LLPLocation: Holme Lacy, Herefordshire, UKClient: Herefordshire College of TechnologyCost: £180,000Completed: November 2010Photographs: John Hewitt, Paul Younger • This project comprises an extended 100 seat cafe, refurbished kitchen and cafe terrace. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

9. Elemental and experimental materials: Straw Bale Cafe This café is considered for low-impact environmental design, featuring: Elemental and experimental materials: • Local Materials: Cedar cladding and organic straw from the College estate. • Prefabricated Construction: To minimize disruptive on-site works, the building structure was prefabricated in a nearby barn. • The building is designed to be dismantled at end of 15 years and most components will be re-used / re-cycled Other sustainable features:• Energy efficient: The building is highly insulated, naturally ventilated and naturally day lit.• On-site energy generation: The building generates up to 6kW from photovoltaic panels and wind turbine. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

10. Elemental and experimental materials: Straw Bale Cafe Prefabricated construction system & materials = Reduction of Waste, Energy Efficiency Figures are adapted from http://aamenyah.wordpress.com

11. 2. N4+ GluebamHouse Architects: Advanced Architecture Lab[AaL]Location: Wuhan, ChinaArchitect In Charge: Mu Wei, Zhou Chao, Yu HuiArea: 60 sqmYear: 2012Photographs: Li Xiao • Advanced Architecture Lab(AAL) together with the bamboo institute of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, is trying to transform the rich bamboo resource in China into the industrialized building structure material. • “Glued bamboo prefabricated construction system (GLUBM)” advocates of social production and a construction system building upon the high-level prefabrication. • The GLUEBAM investigation is a long-term research project in Huazhong University of Science and Technology Advanced Architecture Lab, to establish a standard application of this new material through design of housing product. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

12. Elemental and experimental materials: N4+ GluebamHouse Glued bamboo prefabricated construction system Client- customized design prefabrication • Application of this new material for housing construction Bamboo forest-materials Architect-data library Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

13. Elemental and experimental materials: N4+ GluebamHouse “N4+” house completed in 25days, is a prototype base on the concept of mass production and fabrication, delivery to site for fast construction. • High-level prefabrication Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

14. Elemental and experimental materials: N4+ GluebamHouse BAMBOO as renewable material Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

15. 3. Morerava Cabins Architects: AATA Associate ArchitectsLocation: HangaRoa, Easter Island, ChileClient: Cabañas MoreravaConstruction: Alejandro Martinez Z. Area: 77 sqmProject Year: 2009-2010Photographs: AATA Family friendly cabins in Ester Island In order to correspond to the unique and delicate context of the island: The construction process, material resourcing and daily usage of the cabins had to have minimal impact on the very fragile environment of Easter Island. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

16. Elemental and experimental materials: : Morerava Cabins • Experimental materials: Prefabricated Modules • The design of the module emerges from the optimization of natural common materials available on the local market. • For example, modulation between pillars is 120cm is half the length of a plate, resulting in less waste of material. Exploded Axo Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

17. Elemental and experimental materials: : Morerava Cabins Other sustainable features: All Cabins have a rainwater collection system, which stores and treats the water for the re-usage in the cabins. Hot water comes from solar heating thanks to the solar panels located on each cottage’s roof avoiding the over consumption of a resource which is rare on the Island. The implementation of continuous windows allow for sufficient interior luminance and cross ventilation avoiding the need of any mechanical systems. All cabins hover over ground on single pillars. This preserves the natural water absorption of the earth and allows for natural air ventilation underneath the floor, eliminating any potential moisture problems. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

18. Case Studies Salvaged and Recycled Materials • IE Paper Pavilion / Shigeru Ban Architects • Hill End Ecohouse • 747 Wing House

19. 4. IE Paper Pavilion Shigeru Ban’s recycled cardboard paper tubes structures: The tubes will be coated with waterproof polyurethane and flame retardants that the architect has been developing since 1986 – years before environmental friendliness and the use of inexpensive recycled materials were even a concern in architecture (McQuaid, 2006). Architects: Shigeru Ban ArchitectsLocation: Serrano 99, Madrid, SpainClient: IE Business SchoolYear: 2013Photographs: FG + SG • The Pavilion is located in the grounds of IE’s Madrid campus. • The structural design is eminently efficient. It took only two weeks to build, is based on sustainability objectives. • It is made of 173 paper tubes held together by timber joints that rest on paper columns. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

20. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : IE Paper Pavilion • Sustainable features • Paper tubes are produced from recycled materials • Using of local materials and local work force • Low cost, low-tech and replaceable Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

21. 5. Hill End Ecohouse Architects: Riddel Architecture Location: Hill End, inner Brisbane, Australia Site Area: 638 sqm Project Area: 261 sqm Budget: $3,500 p/sqm Project Year: 2010 Photographs: Christopher Frederick Jones Project description: Hill End Ecohouseis situated in Hill End, inner Brisbane, Australia, the Hill End Ecohouse was built from salvged materials. Recycled materials were carefully detailed to become design features throughout the home and to fuse beauty with eco facilities. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

22. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : Hill End Ecohouse • Using of salvaged building materials: • In the construction of building, they used from 80% of the salvaged material from the 1930s house that originally occupied its narrow riverfront site. • Recycled material: • The north street-facing balcony is sheltered by a vegetated trellis made using recycled timber from the original site. • Rest of the building materials • All additional materials were locally sourced to support local industry and reduce energy-miles. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

23. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : Hill End Ecohouse • Other sustainable features: • Natural ventilation: The house is in two halves, connected by the striking Gallery breezeway, which acts as a funnel for fresh air. • Natural day lighting: The large windows provide views of landscape whilst reducing the need for artificial light. • Solar passive system: The north-facing roof has 3kW photovoltaic panels which generate 15kWh/day, ample energy for household requirements. • Monitoring system: It has a monitoring system to measure the use of energy, gas and water as well as temperature and humidity. This system also provides a carbon footprint for the house. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

24. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : Hill End Ecohouse • Thermal insulation: the house has recycled polyester bulk insulation and timber frames to reduce heat transfer. • Rainwater collection system: 60,000L of rainwater storage supplies the whole house and garden. • Gray water management: To reduce water waste, a hot water recirculation unit reheats cold water and grey wateris treated and recycled on site. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

25. 6. 747 Wing House Architect: David Hertz ArchitectsLocation: Malibu, California, United StatesProject Area: 2,500 sqfProject Year: 2011Photographs: David Hertz Architects Early concepts With the architects’ goal of incorporating found objects into their design and the homeowner’s vision of a floating, curved roof, the idea of using airplane wings as roof material surfaced. Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

26. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : 747 Wing House Using of salvaged materials The roof materials The roof material was obtained from planes that had been retired to sit in the deserts of California, hence, the architects were able to purchase the parts they needed at the low price of their raw material, aluminum. Boeing 747 Figure is adapted from archrecord.construction.com Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

27. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : 747 Wing House Constructional details Figure is adapted from archrecord.construction.com

28. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : 747 Wing House • The architects purchased the entire plane and used as many components as possible in the design, so as to not waste more than was necessary. • All of the plane parts came from a Boeing 747-200 aircraft. • The windows of the plane were reconstructed into the kitchen • The home’s fire pit was crafted from the airplane engine Figures are adapted from http://www.archdaily.com

29. Salvaged and Recycled Materials : 747 Wing House Results As a sustainable achievement, designer used from all parts of retired airplane in a very resourceful and efficient manner. Figure is adapted from archrecord.construction.com

30. Conclusion In analysis of the cases we understood how designer experiment with materials or create new applications for them to achieve sustainable values . It included new developed materials and new construction systems or local and traditional materials as well as, salvaged or recycled materials . As another important achievement all of designers somehow tied to use materials in the most energy and resource efficient way ,in addition to considering the innovation and aesthetic of their design.

31. Chen, Y., Kennedy, A., (2008). Contemporary Design in Detail: Sustainable Environments, France: Rockport Publishers; PP. 140-143. • McQuaid, M., (2006). Shigeru Ban, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press ; PP. 10-20. • Yang, J., Brandon, P.S., Sidwell, A.C. (2005). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, GarsingtonRoad, Oxford: Blackwell publishing; PP. 328. References