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a country’s freedom from outside control. sovereignty. political system in which power is shared by the national government and smaller political units. federal system. number of live births each year per 1,000 people. birthrate.
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a country’s freedom from outside control sovereignty
political system in which power is shared by the national government and smaller political units federal system
type of government in which the people choose their leaders and determine government policy democracy
study of human populations demography
person who moves into a country immigrant
economic system in which decisions to buy and sell are made in a free market capitalist system
average number of people in a square mile or a square kilometer population density
process by which cultural traits move from one culture to another diffusion
growth of city populations urbanization
type of government in which the leaders hold most of the political power authoritarian government
area where cultural ideas begin and from which they spread culture hearth
number of deaths per year per 1,000 people death rate
type of government in which rulers often gain and keep power by military force dictatorship
economic system based on the state making all economic decisions communism
political system in which a central government makes laws for an entire nation unitary system
a country’s freedom from outside control sovereignty
process of adapting traits from other cultures acculturation
type of government in which a ruler plays a symbolic role and an elected lawmaking body holds the political power constitutional monarchy
the average number of people living in a given area population density
type of government in which smaller political units hold nearly all the power confederation
extreme type of government in which rulers control every part of society and aspect of a person’s life totalitarianism
economic system in which means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated for profit capitalism
place where important ideas began cultural hearth
authoritarian government in which people inherit their positions monarchy
economic system in which the free market and the government jointly make decisions socialism
By which of the following are modern economic systems distinguished from one another? • a. means of production • b. kinds of goods and services produced • c. amount of investment capital • d. degree of government involvement
Which of the following has been responsible for the declining death rate in many of the world’s less industrialized nations? • a declining birthrate • b. migration to rural areas, where living conditions are better • c. absence of diseases prevalent in industrialized nations • d. improved health
In which region did the cultures of Teotihuacán and the Maya form the first culture hearth? • a. the Americas c. Africa • b. Europe d. China
Which of the following is not part of a country’s material culture?a. food c. architectureb. language d. technology b. language
How do social scientists define a country? a. a political unit whose population shares a common language b. a political unit with a sovereign government and a sound economy c. a political unit with a clearly defined territory, population, sovereignty, and a government d. a political unit with clearly defined water and land boundaries c. a political unit with a clearly defined territory, population, sovereignty, and a government
Which of the following statements describes the general trend in world population since 1950? • A. World population has grown slowly over the past 50 years. • b. There are fewer people in the world today than there were before 1950. • c. Most countries have reached zero population growth since 1950. • d. World population has grown rapidly since 1950.
Which of the following statements refers to a pure capitalist economy? • A. The government provides goods and services needed by the public. • b. The government takes no part in the economy. • c. The government regulates businesses to ensure efficiency. • d. The government and the free market jointly make economic decisions.
Why are people unevenly distributed throughout the world? • A. People prefer to live in warm areas near the Equator. • b. People tend to cluster in places that have rich soil, fresh water, and mild climates. • c. Most people live in regions that have coal and iron ore deposits. • d. People generally live in cultural regions that value individual achievement.
b. People tend to cluster in places that have rich soil, fresh water, and mild climates.
Where do most people in Europe and the United States live? • A. Both Europeans and Americans live mainly in urban areas. • b. Europeans live on farms, while most Americans live in cities. • c. The populations in both Europe and the United States are spread evenly throughout the two regions. • d. Most people in Europe and the United States live in the west, where climates are milder.
What kind of government structure do Japan and Great Britain have? • a. confederation c. unitary • b. federal d. republic
Which of the following statements refers to a mixed economy? • a. Industry and agriculture are both important to the economy. • b. All decisions to buy and sell are made in a free market. • c. Government owns and operates all major farms and factories. • d. Free market and government jointly make economic decisions.
d. Free market and government jointly make economic decisions.
How do people survive living in harsh environments such as the desert? • a. by adapting and making changes to their environments • b. by moving to more hospitable areas • c. by not altering the natural landscape of their environments • d. none of the above
What region was the culture hearth for most of East Asia? • a. the United States • b. modern Japan • c. Teotihuacán • d. ancient China
