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African Civilization

African Civilization. EQs: 1) How did geography influence Africa’s development? 2) Where were Africa’s trading kingdoms? 3) How was Islam introduced to Africa? 4) Who was Mansa Musa?. Africa’s Geography & Its Effects. Remember, 40-40-10-10 (varied climates & terrains)!

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African Civilization

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  1. African Civilization EQs: 1) How did geography influence Africa’s development? 2) Where were Africa’s trading kingdoms? 3) How was Islam introduced to Africa? 4) Who was Mansa Musa?

  2. Africa’s Geography & Its Effects • Remember, 40-40-10-10 (varied climates & terrains)! • Hardly any usable natural harbors • Interior is a high plateau = rivers flow down to the coast & are filled w/ rapids • Travel is difficult & done mainly to trade • Geographic diversity & natural barriers lead to numerous cultures being developed

  3. Traditional Societies • Village gov’t • Power shared among community members • Village decisions made by consensus & open discussion • Family Patterns; group over the individual • Nuclear families = parents & children work & live together as a unit • More commonly, several generations lived in one household; extended families form clans • Community values enhanced by clan identification

  4. Religion • Variety of beliefs across Africa • Early Africans were polytheistic • Some believe spirits of the dead are present among the living • Animism: every living & nonliving thing in nature has a spirit • Islam: becomes an important social and religious force as kingdoms rise and fall

  5. West Africa Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450-1600) East Africa Axum Located on Red Sea Merging of cultures Judaism & Christianity introduced What was traded? Salt & Gold Salt from the Sahara traded for gold from the savanna regions Iron, copper & other minerals Trading Kingdoms

  6. Mansa Musa was Mali’s most powerful ruler Borders were extended & his warriors protected & controlled the land Mansa Musa converted to Islam & made a pilgrimage to Mecca Mansa Musa builds a university in Timbuktu & students of Islam travel from all over the Muslim world to study there By the 1400s, Timbuktu is a leading center of learning MANSA MUSA & TIMBUKTU

  7. Mansa Musa: Depiction of him holding a gold nugget, created c. 1375

  8. Sankore Mosque in Timbuktu

  9. Discovery of Timbuktu by westerners; c. mid-1800s

  10. Seas link continents Mediterranean Red Sea Ocean Indian ocean Goods make their way to African coasts and then traded across the seas Hausa-1300s-the Hausa people built city-states in present day Nigeria Caravans across the Sahara Dominate Saharan trade routes by 1500 Benin-people from coastal rainforest in Guinea Trade ivory, pepper, & slaves Cast bronze & brass Africa & Global Trade

  11. 600CE=Arab & Persian merchants set up trading communities 1000CE=port cities (like Mogadishu) trading w/India Slaves captured inland and sold to Persian merchants Trade leads to mixing of cultures Swahili = the language spoken by the people of this blended culture Arabic words mixed with Bantu words East African City-States

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