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EMEP Monitoring Strategy. Status and challenges, with main focus on the EECCA region. Wenche Aas and Kjetil Tørseth EMEP/CCC (NILU).
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EMEP Monitoring Strategy Status and challenges, with main focus on the EECCA region Wenche Aas and Kjetil Tørseth EMEP/CCC (NILU)
UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first isEuropean Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties) • EMEP Topics • Acidification and Eutrophication • Photochemical oxidants • Heavy metals • Persistent Organic Pollutants • Particulate matter The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe
Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009 • Adopted in december 2004 • Three levels approach • Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties) • Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites) • Level 3 Research driven supersites • Parties responsibility to implement the Strategy
Monitoring programme: • Level 1 • Main ions in precipitation and in air • heavy metals in precipitations • ozone • PM10 and PM2.5 mass • meteorology • at ca 125 sites • Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) • POPs • Heavy metals in air and aerosols • VOC • EC/OC, OC speciation • Mineral Dust • PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio • + all level 1 activities • 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties
Monitoring programme, Level 3 Optical properties Scattering and absorption coefficients Research driven and voluntary,
Positive consequences • Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements. • The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed. • Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements. • A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established • Particulate matter observations are in very good progress • Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries
Challenges Level 1 • Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe • Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement programme of level 1
New EMEP sites in the EECCA region KZ: Borovoye MD: Leovo UA: Danube delta GE: Abastumani AR: In process
New sites that will be establish: Georgia: Abastumani Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Moldova: Leovo Kazakhstan: Borovoye
CAPACT project (2004 –2007): “Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia” • Objective • The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) • Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc). • Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal. • Improved national energy policies. http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/
Challenges Level 1 • Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe • Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2 • POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention • Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance) • Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)
Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present: ~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008) ~ 70 samples(NILU 2006) ~30 samples(NMR 2007-2008) ~ 50 samples(INTAS 06-08)? GAPS study
Intensive PM level 2 measurements June 2006 and January 2007 • Chemical speciation • Size/nr distribution
New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme: http://www.neu.ceh.ac.uk/ http://www.eusaar.net/ GEOMON Global Earth Observation and Monitoring EUCAARI
Comments to the Report of the monitoring networks in the EECCA region: • Measurement programme • Only RU and BY that measure in rural areas. But it is not complete level 1 measurements at any sites. UA, MD,GE and KZ will measure in the near future. • Quality assurance and standardized methods • At present most countries follow the methods recommended by old Russian standards. But the EMEP manual is now translated to Russian, and the new sites will implement the methods recommended here. • Several Participants at EMEP and GAW training courses • Data reporting • Very little data reported to international bodies (EMEP, GAW, EANET). At present it is only RU and BY that report data to EMEP
Expectations, EECCA countries • A very important region • High emissions • Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues • Little monitoring today • Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon. • Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary. • Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues