Personality Development

2. Personality Development Erik Erikson

3. Erik Erikson • In each stage a person faces certain conflicts and challenges. • People must modify their personalities in order to adjust successfully to their social environments • Begin in childhood • A child’s success in the early stages depends largely on their parents • An ongoing process that is never final

4. Trust oRespond quickly oHolding oCuddling oPlaying oTalking to them oLove them oCare for them Mistrust Receive inconsistent care Receive little love and attention Fear and suspicion toward the world and everyone in it Trust vs. Mistrust

5. Trust vs. Mistrust • TRUST! • These infants see the world as a safe place and other people as helpful and dependable

6. Autonomy vs, Shame • 2 to 3 yrs old

7. üDevelop a sense of independence üDeveloping minds of their owns üSAYING NO! üAllow children to practice new motor skills, want to do everything themselves üLet them practice life skills and make simple choices üGives a sense that they can control their own behavior and their environment üBuilds confidence They will look forward to meeting greater challenges Autonomy

8. Shame • üNot allowing children to do things for themselves • üDoubt their abilities • üAlways critizeing and scolding children for not being perfect • üQuestion their worth and their abilities to control themselves and their world. • View themselves and the world in shame and doubt.

9. Initiative vs. Guilt • Four and five year olds

10. Initiative • Often initiate activities • Spend time imaging what they want to do, then think of ways to do those things. • Children need to know their ideas, questions, and concepts matter to others • Children need chances to create play ideas and put them into action

11. Guilt • üParents scold instead encourage • üChildren’s play ideas are not praised • üBelittle and ridicule children • üPunishing children foe acting on their ideas • üNo encouragement to think or be creative • üParents convey to children that their ideas are not valuable or worthwhile • The child will feel less confident

12. Industry vs. Inferiority • 6 to 11 • C Children capable of deductive reasoning • üLearn to follow rules • üBecome interested in how things are made, how they work, and what they do • üParents are no longer the only influence on stages; friends,

13. Industry • üCapacity to make a productive effort. • üWhat parents can do • oEncourage children to do, make, or build projects • oStress importance of seeing a task through to completion • Praise and reward them for their efforts

14. Inferiority • üFeel incapable of succeeding in their efforts • üDiscouraged from doing and making things on their own • üNot praised for their accomplishments, don’t feel like they can do anything right. • üMay passively accept failure or misbehave to compensate