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Hinduism

Hinduism. Div 8. Questions. What are famous/ important symbols, statues, or artifacts? What religious text does Hindu follow? What does the religion believe in? What is reincarnation and what is its process?. 1. How Did It Start?. No one really knows how it started

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Hinduism

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  1. Hinduism Div 8

  2. Questions • What are famous/ important symbols, statues, or artifacts? • What religious text does Hindu follow? • What does the religion believe in? • What is reincarnation and what is its process?

  3. 1. How Did It Start? • No one really knows how it started • No founder, no single sacred book • Assumed started with Indus Valley civil. in NW India • Began approx. 5000 yrs. Ago • Gradually developed over 100 years in India -spread to other parts of world

  4. (Cont.) Connected With Indian History • 1500 b.c.= India invaded by Aryans(asianppl) • Aryans brought own religions+beliefs • Hindu influenced by Aryans • Hindu confused of own religions • Diff range of Hindu belief branched out

  5. 2. What Does the Religion Believe? • Reincarnation + Karma • Soul never dies • Some Hindus pray everyday and some hardly ever • Visiting temples not necessary • Beliefs are written in sources • Worship many gods called divinities • Brahman-created world • Vishnu-takes care of world • Shiva-also called destroyer

  6. Reincarnation • Rebirth of a soul • May reborn in animal, plant or human • Soul never dies • Do not remember past life • Reincarnation process repeats over + over until reaches spiritual perfection

  7. Laws of Karma • Determine next lives • Lived good life=born into higher state - e.g. king • Lived bad life=born into lower state -e.g. worm • Do bad things = punish in next life • Everything happening in in current life = result of past life -e.g. homeless Hinduist blames karma from past life

  8. Goal of Hindu • Break out of reincarnation cycle • If soul perfected = cycle broken • Perfect soul reaches state of MOKSHA -MOKSHA= state of happiness, perfectness of soul, no emotion • Then soul is absorbed by Supreme Being

  9. 3. How Do Hindus Practice Their Religion? At Home • Shrine: small cupboard or decorated room (w/ perfume & flower) • Hang pics. of gods they worship (=murti) • Chant prayers, ring bells, wave candles before the praying starts • If special days: priests come & cite scriptures

  10. (Cont.) At Temples • Priests-live at temple, ring bells when worshippers ready to worship • Pray & talk with other worshippers • Take shoes off walk clockwise • Round Main Shrine w/ right hand twrd. God statues • Chant mantras together, pray, perform rituals, guard temples/ statues of gods, bring Prasada (food, fruit)

  11. Puja • Giving goods to priests • Candy, food, fruits, etc. • Prasad=returned offerings from god • Holy liquid • Gift from god, priests lend those • Drink, and leftovers- sprinkled to head • Pilgrimage: another form of Puja • Going on long trips to sacred places • Himalayas, certain temples& riv. • Visit one or more places (usually 108 places) • Religious benefit

  12. 4. Who are Their God(Goddess) & Religious Leaders? • Hinduism teaches that only one universal spirit= Brahman • Most Hindus say gods and goddesses are symbols • Brahman=god • They believe Brahman cannot be described and never be understood • Hindus believe Brahman is everywhere and in everything • He is not worshiped very much today • ¼ of all Hindus worship Shiva

  13. (Cont.) • 3 main gods=Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahman • 1 of most imp. Goddesses= Shiva’s wife • She is goddess of destruction • She has few names=Durga, Kali, Parvati, and Uma • As Parvati and Uma=goddess of motherhood • As Durga and Kali= fierce and frightening

  14. 5. Famous/ important religious symbols, statues or artifacts • They pray before statues of gods/ goddesses. • Hanuman-Statue of famous Hindu monkey god. • Sculpture of Vishnu-found at Perumal Temple in Singapore

  15. (Cont.) • Mandala-a circular sacred symbol. • Tilak-a lucky red mark placed on the forehead. • Yantra-sacred drawing, means support. • Cakras-Mystical points or centre's in the body. • Pithas-Pilgrammage sites of the goddess Sati.

  16. 6. What Religious Text Does Hindu Follow? Why is it Important? • Has lots of sacred writings. • The Vedas-oldest sacred writing in the world. • The Puranas-About Hindu gods and heroes. • The Bhagavad-Gita-About meaning of existence. • The Manu Smriti-source of religious and social law. • The Ramayna and the Mahabharata-long epics.

  17. (Cont.) • Sacred writings- teaches about belief, divinities, and personal conduct • Four Vedas with four parts each. • The four Vedas-Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. • The four parts-Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads. • Samhitas-prayer and hymns; oldest part. • Brahmanas-rituals and theology. • Aranyakas and Upanishads-mysticism and theology. • Kshatriyas-less pure than Brahmans because it contains violence.

  18. 7. What are the Most Common Celebrations? • Dif. parts of India some festivals celebrated at same time, but dif. ways • Sanskrit is the name of very old Indian lang. • 4 Hindus Sanskrit is a sacred lang. • Even prayers are said in this lang. • Holy books are written in this lang.

  19. (Cont.) • Divali=1 of best known celeb. • It is a new year celeb. that takes place in the fall • In Oct or Nov • Divali is all about new beginnings • They have to clean house from top to bottom • Then decorate with glitter and tinsel • Small clay lamps called divas lit and put on windows+ front doors • This is to attract the attention of Lakshmi and to welcome her to the house

  20. 8. Why are Cows Sacred to Hindus? • Cows are their milk and their poo is the hindus fertilizer • Hindus never eat beef= vegiterians • Cows never hurt by people • Suverepenaltes for hurting or killing a cow(even on a accident) • Some people use cows to pulls carts or to plow the fields

  21. (Cont.) • Cows are decorated for festivals then shown off in a parade • Hindus pray daily for cows • Hindus believe that is cows are taken care of properly then every living thing will experience : happiness and peace • Its wrong to kill or injure a cow in india

  22. (Cont.) • Milk from cows help the rich,poor, young,old,healthy and not healty people • The penalty for hurting or cows is 2 years in jail or even worse for killing

  23. 9. Special Clothes the Hindus Wear • Wedding • Sari(red silk), makeup, jewelry, decoration (Mehndi pattern on hand & feet) • Mehndi=Henna • Henna patterns=decorated on women’s hands, arms, feet when special event Women • Sari: bright colored cloth hung over shoulder • Short blouse, underskirt • Tummy might be shown, but legs are covered • Bindi • Dot btw/ eyebrow, on the forehead • If married Red // not married Black Henna

  24. (Cont.) • Trad. Clothes: • Loose pants, jacket w/ buttons, normal pants, long tunic • Down the frontwear special collar (=Nehru) • Sacred thread: when ceremony at btw/ 9~11 yrs. Old • Has to wear it through whole life

  25. END

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