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Sociology

Sociology. Chapter 1 Section 2 “Sociology: Then and Now” Standard 1.2 – 1.11. The Early Years. Sociology did not develop until the 1800’s (The “New” Science) Industrial Revolution: Major reason for the emergence of Sociology

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Sociology

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  1. Sociology Chapter 1 Section 2 “Sociology: Then and Now” Standard 1.2 – 1.11

  2. The Early Years • Sociology did not develop until the 1800’s (The “New” Science) • Industrial Revolution: • Major reason for the emergence of Sociology • With the Industrial Revolution came the emergence of MODERN CITIES • Social Problems developed • 1. Work • 2. Housing • 3. Crime • 4. Pollution • Political Problems of late 1700 early 1800’s • American and French Revolutions • “Why did this happen?”

  3. Birthplace(s) France, Germany, and England *Early Industrialized Nations *Comte: Influenced later sociologists* Auguste Comte: “Father of Sociology” First to use to term French: 1789-1857 Wanted to find solutions to chaos of revolution Developed scientific approach to social issues Two basic problems: “Order and Change” Social Statics: Society remains stable over long period of time (China) Social Dynamics: Elements change to allow for social change The Birth of Sociology

  4. Karl Marx German: 1818-1883 Died Poor Society based on structure of economy Wrote “Communist Manifesto” Society broken into two classes Bourgeoisie: Capitalists: Own the means of production Proletariat: Labor and Skill workers: Middle class Classes will experience conflict Conflict will lead to social unrest Unrest will lead to a failure in “the system” Conflict Perspective Advocated by Marx Focus on forces in society that lead to inequality, competition, and change *Conflict WILL lead to change *Most influential theory of the Twentieth Century Karl Marx and the Conflict Perspective

  5. Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer • English: 1820-1903 • Influenced by Charles Darwin • Darwin wrote the Origin of Species • “Survival of the fittest” • Social Darwinism: Spencer took Darwin’s theories and applied them to human SOCIETY (Compared Society to Nature)

  6. Emile Durkheim • French: 1858-1903 • First to apply methods of science to social issues (Scientific Method) • Tested theories through use of Statistics • Did in-depth research on Suicide • Functionalists Perspective • Different aspects of society interrelate with one another to hold society together • Ex. Religion has a role in keeping society stable by teaching a morals

  7. Max Weber (Vay bur) • Germany: 1864-1920 • 1910: Founded the German Sociological Society • Focused on “smaller” groups and individuals • Interactionist • Verstehen (fehr-shtay-en) Empathy • Putting yourself in someone else’s place • Ideal Type: Essential Characteristic of some aspect of society • Ex: School: all are not “Exactly” the same, but they are very close

  8. Current Perspectives • Theory: Systematic explanation of relationships among phenomena • Theoretical Perspectives: a set of ASSUMPTIONS based on the nature of society • Functionalist • Interactionist • Conflict: Karl Marx

  9. Functionalist Perspective • Spencer and Durkheim • Society is a set of interrelated parts that work together to form stability in society • People agree on what is best and Most follow the rules • Function: Consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of social stability (Religion) • Dysfunction: Something that takes away from the stability of society (Crime) • Manifest function: Intended function of some element of society (LAWS: keep order) • Latent function: Unintended function of some element of society (Cell phone = communication and “Social Status”)

  10. Interactionist Perspective • Weber • Focus on how Individuals interact in society (Social Psychology) • Symbol: Anything that stands for something else (Flag) • Symbolic Interaction: • Interaction between people that takes place through symbols • Handshake • Military Salute • Japan: Bowing when meeting someone…etc

  11. In Class Assignment • Based on the information that you have learned in Chapter 1, write your own definition of Sociology • You should not just “regurgitate” what the book says. You should formulate a definition that has meaning to you • Use these questions to help formulate your definition • 1. How CAN/WILL you use Sociology in your everyday life? • 2. How does Sociology directly/indirectly affect your life? • *Put your definition at the beginning of your notebook and leave it there for the remainder of the semester (Standard 1.10)

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