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Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research Al- Mustansiriya University

First Year. Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research Al- Mustansiriya University College of Engineering. Lect. Emad A. Hussien Lect. Gregor A. Armise Asst.Lect.Majid E. Dobakh. LECTURE 1 1. Introduction:. hardware components

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Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research Al- Mustansiriya University

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  1. FirstYear MinistryofHigherEducation&ScientificResearch Al-MustansiriyaUniversity CollegeofEngineering Lect.EmadA.Hussien Lect.GregorA.Armise Asst.Lect.MajidE.Dobakh

  2. LECTURE1 1.Introduction: hardwarecomponents Computerisadevicecapableofperformingcomputationsandmakinglogicaldecisionsatspeedsmillionsandevenbillionsoftimesfasterthanhumanbeings. Computersprocessdataunderthecontrolofsetsofinstructionscalledcomputerprograms. Programmingistheprocessofwritinginstructionsforacomputerinacertainordertosolveaproblem. Thecomputerprogramsthatrunonacomputerarereferredtoassoftware(SW).Whilethehardcomponentofitiscalledhardware(HW).

  3. Developingnewsoftwarerequireswrittenlistsofinstructionsforacomputertoexecute.Programmersrarelywriteinthelangauagedirectlyunderstoodbyacomputer.Developingnewsoftwarerequireswrittenlistsofinstructionsforacomputertoexecute.Programmersrarelywriteinthelangauagedirectlyunderstoodbyacomputer. 2. Short History: Thefollowingisashorthistory,justforgivenageneralviewofhowlanguagesarearrived: 1954:Fortran. 1957:Cobol. 1958:Algol(BaseforSimula). 1958:Lisp. 1961:B1000. 1962:Sketchpad. 1964:Basic. 1967:Simula67. 1968:FLEX. 1970:Pascal(FromAlgol). 1971:C(FromalanguagecalledB). 1972:Smalltalk72(BasedonSimula67andLisp).1976:Smalltalk76. 1979:ADA(FromPascal). 1980:Cwithclasses(experimentalversion).1983:C++(byBjarneStroustrup). 1986:Objective-C(fromCandSmalltalk).1986:Eiffel(fromSimula). 1991:Sather(FromEiffel). 1991:Java. 2000:C#.                      BjarneStroustrup at:AT&TLabs

  4. 3. C++ Programming Language: Forthelastcoupleofdecades,theCprogramminglanguagehasbeenwidelyacceptedforallapplications,andisperhapsthemostpowerfulofstructuredprogramminglanguages.Now,C++hasthestatusofastructuredprogramminglanguagewithobjectorientedprogramming(OOP). C++hasbecomequitepopularduetothefollowingreasons: 1.ItsupportsallfeaturesofbothstructuredprogrammingandOOP. 2.C++focusesonfunctionandclasstemplatesforhandlingdatatypes. 4. C++ Program Development Process (PDP): C++programstypicallygothroughsixphasesbeforetheycanbeexecuted.Thesephasesare: 1.Edit:TheprogrammertypesaC++sourceprogram,andmakescorrection,ifnecessary.Thenfileisstoredindiskwithextension(.cpp). 2.Pre-Processor:Pre-processingisaccomplishedbythepre-proceccorbeforecompilation,whichincludessomesubstitutionoffilesandotherdirectoriestobeincludewiththesourcefile. 3.Compilation:Convertingthesourceprogramintoobject-code. 4.Linking:Alinkercombinestheoriginalcodewithlibraryfunctionstoproduceanexecutablecode. 5.Loading:Theloaderloadstheprogramfromthediskintomemory. 6.CPU:Executestheprogram,residinginmemory. Thesestepsareintroducedinthefigurebelow:

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