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Hypoxia-What Is It, Do We Affect It, And How Might Our Future Affect It?

Hypoxia-What Is It, Do We Affect It, And How Might Our Future Affect It?. Rick Cruse. Hypoxia – What is it?. Hypoxia – What it is not?. Hypoxia – What is it?. An area of low dissolved oxygen concentrations that cannot support marine life. Typically O 2 < 2 ppm.

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Hypoxia-What Is It, Do We Affect It, And How Might Our Future Affect It?

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  1. Hypoxia-What Is It, Do We Affect It, And How Might Our FutureAffect It? Rick Cruse

  2. Hypoxia – What is it?

  3. Hypoxia – What it is not?

  4. Hypoxia – What is it? An area of low dissolved oxygen concentrations that cannot support marine life. Typically O2 < 2 ppm

  5. Hypoxia – Where does it occur?

  6. Hypoxia – Where does it occur?

  7. Hypoxia – Why does it occur? • Freshwater and saltwater stratify

  8. Hypoxia – Why does it occur? • Algae bloom in freshwater • Algae settle to bottom • Algae decomposition consumes O2

  9. Hypoxia – Where (at what depth) does it occur? www.gulfhypoxia.net/Research/

  10. Hypoxia – How large an area? x http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/pdf/2007-hypoxia-pred-web-5.pdf Turner and Rabalais, 2007 X – size in 2008

  11. Hypoxia - Why does it occur?

  12. Hypoxia – Why does it occur? Algae Yield and N fertilization Algae Yield

  13. Hypoxia – Is nutrient flux constant? co.water.usgs.gov

  14. Hypoxia – Why Iowa connection? NO3-NConcentration in the Raccoon River at Des Moines 20.00 Annual Max 18.00 Annual Mean 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 NO3-NConcentration(mg/L) 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 Data provided by Chris Jones Des Moines Water Works

  15. Nitrate load in Raccoon River jumps, climate change? Hypoxia – Why Iowa connection? First Quarter NO3-N Load, Raccoon River at Des Moines Data provided by Chris Jones Des Moines Water Works

  16. Hypoxia – Why Iowa connection? 20 – 25 lb/A www.umces.edu/President/hypoxia.htm

  17. Hypoxia – Why Iowa connection?

  18. Look to the Future USDA Agricultural Projections to 2016 D. R. Keeney

  19. Corn/Soybean and Perennial Nitrate-N Concentrations in Tile Drain • Tile drainage system • U of MN - Lamberton Gyles Randall, 2003 D. R. Keeney

  20. Tom Kaspar

  21. Rye after corn silage Tom Kaspar

  22. Kaspar et al., JEQ 36:1503-1511

  23. Iowa Daily Erosion Project • Estimates daily soil erosion, runoff and soil moisture for the state of Iowa • Daily estimations since 2002 • Published in Jan/Feb 2006 Journal of the Soil and Water Conservation Society • Served on the web at http://wepp.mesonet.agron.iastate.edu • Parameterizes WEPP erosion model with radar rainfall, climate stations, and NRI

  24. Simulated crops • Eight scenarios based on ISU research

  25. NEXRAD – Aug 22, 2007 Statewide mean precipitation: 1.56 in.

  26. Switchgrass – NT, RR Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  27. Cont. Corn – NT Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  28. Corn/Soybean – NT Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  29. Cont. Corn – NT, RR Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  30. Cont. Corn – NT, RR, CC Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  31. NRI Projected Rotation Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  32. Corn/Soy - MT Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  33. Cont. Corn - MTRR Sw-NTRR CC-NT CS-NT CC-NTRR CC-NTRRCC NRI CS-MT CC-MTRR

  34. Event Summary

  35. Concluding Thought OR

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