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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Early People of Pennsylvania. I. Native American Tribes in Pennsylvania. Their Migration Historians think that Native American tribes migrated from Asia during Ice Age. a. Historian- People who make a living out of studying and teaching history.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Early People of Pennsylvania

  2. I. Native American Tribes in Pennsylvania • Their Migration • Historians think that Native American tribes migrated from Asia during Ice Age. a. Historian- People who make a living out of studying and teaching history. b. Heritage- deals with all the events of a family or culture’s past generation. c. Migrate- to move from one region or location to another. d. Archeologists- people who study the past by digging up evidence, such as tools and pottery from locations of past cultures.

  3. B. Eastern Woodland Nations in Pennsylvania. • Iroquois League of Nations. • separated by language. • divisions: Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. 2. Algonquin League of Nations. a. Separated by language. b. Divisions: Delaware( Lenni-Lenape), Shawnee, Nanticoke.

  4. C. Native American Culture. Government Clan- a group of Native American family members who live in a small village. Council- a group of Native American men selected to run a clan. Selected by women of the clan. Council selects a chief.

  5. a. Iroquois • council’s job was to keep peace among tribes • Chief had to get agreement of council before making a decision. b. Algonquin • Chief selected to settle disagreements and lead the tribe into battle.

  6. 2. Rules of Men, Women, and Children • Men 1. Did the jobs that required greater strength. 2. Built homes, cut down trees, made weapons, hunted, fished, protected the village, made canoes. b.Women • Were well respected in their communities.

  7. 2. Master of houses, owned the house and field, made pottery, cleaned meat and fish, prepared two meals a day, gathered firewood, retrieved water, made clothing. c. Children • Boys- taught to hunt, fish, and make weapons. • Girls- Stayed with their mothers to learn the jobs of women.

  8. 3. Food Provides • Hunters • Men hunted for animals such as fox, raccoon, beaver, turkey and squirrel. • Gatherers. 4. Clothing - Women made skirts, shirts, leggings, and moccasins from deerskin.

  9. 5. Shelter • Iroquois tribes built longhouses. • Longhouses were built for many families. • All relatives lived together (as many as 12 families) b. Algonquin tribes built wigwams and sweathouses. • Wigwams are houses made for one family. • three shapes: rounded, cone or rectangular. 2. Sweathouses were used to cure illness and clean the body. • there was a separate house for men and women. • heated rocks were placed in water.

  10. 6. Economy • Bartering or trading. • Barter means to trade one item for another. • Native Americans bartered with European settlers b. Wampum- are strings of white shell beads made from clam shells. • Used as a means of trading. • Iroquois tribes used the strings of beads to record stories and events. • White Beads- symbol of peace • Black beads- symbol of sadness.

  11. 7. Transportation • Canoes • Trails • Many present day roads and streets follow Native American trails. 8. Religion. • The Great spirit • Algonquin had a sacred relationship with the environment. • Treated animals with respect. c. Iroquois believed they connected the Great Spirit through their dreams.

  12. II. Early European Settlements in Pennsylvania. • The English began to settle along the eastern shore of the Atlantic Ocean. • Jamestown, Virginia • Plymouth, Massachusetts B. Dutch and French • Explored parts of land that is Pennsylvania. • Explored the Delaware Bay. • Sailed north on the Delaware River.

  13. at first they missed the river that empties into the Delaware River. • that river was the Schuylkill River, Schuylkill means hidden river in Dutch. C. Swedish • Started a colony near Wilmington, Delaware. • Colony is a location settled by people. • John Printz was sent to run the colony.

  14. He moved the colony to Tinicum Island. • This was the first permanent settlement in Pennsylvania. • Permanent means to stay in one location. D. Spanish • Claimed land near Florida.

  15. E. Conflicts • A conflict- means to fight or to war because of a disagreement. • Swedish tried to capture a Dutch fort. a. Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New York gathered seven ships and 300 soldiers to attack the Swedish colony. • The Swedish surrendered. • Surrendered means to give up or be defeated in a fight.

  16. 3. The English attacked the Dutch. • With Dutch colonies at New York and near Philadelphia the English king became nervous. He gathered troops and ships for an attack. • The Dutch surrendered without firing a shot.

  17. F. Customs and Names • Swedish • showed settlers how to build log cabins. • Introduced the first cows to Pennsylvania land. 2. Dutch • Brought sleighs and ice skating. • Had front doors that opened in halves. • Introduced the custom of St. Nicholas, who was known as Santa Claus. • Dutch names that we use today are Schuylkill River, cookie, and waffle.

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