Chapter 5: Body Structure

1. Chapter 5: Body Structure

2. Chapter Objectives • Main directional terms used in anatomy. • Division of the body along three different planes. • Dorsal and ventral body cavities. • Nine divisions of the abdomen. • Four quadrants of the abdomen. • Main body positions used in medical practice. • Basic terms describing body structure • Roots pertaining to body regions. • Prefixes pertaining to position and direction.

3. Key Terms

4. Key Terms (cont’d)

5. Supplementary Terms

6. Abbreviations

7. Directional Terms • Anatomical position • Beginning reference point • Body upright • Facing front • Arms at side, palms forward • Feet parallel

8. Planes of Section • Frontal plane • Coronal plane • Divides body into anterior, posterior parts • Sagittal plane • Divides body into right, left portions • If plane cuts midline, called midsagittal or medial plane • Transverse plane • Divides body into superior, inferior parts

9. Planes of Section (cont’d)

10. Body Cavities • Dorsal cavity contains: • Cranial cavity • Spinal cavity

11. Body Cavities (cont’d) • Ventral cavity contains: • Thoracic cavity • Diaphragm • Separates thoracic and abdominal cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity: • Abdominal cavity • Pelvic cavity • Peritoneum

12. Side View of Body Cavities

13. Abdominal Regions • Imaginarily divided into 9 regions • Midline sections: • Epigastric = above stomach • Umbilical = umbilicus or navel • Hypogastric = below the stomach

14. Abdominal Regions (cont’d) • Lateral sections: • Right and left hypochondriac • Positioned near ribs, specifically cartilages • Right and left lumbar • Positioned near small of back (lumbar region) • Right and left iliac • Named for upper bone of hip (ilium) • Also called inguinal region (referring to groin)

15. Nine Regions of Abdomen

16. Roots of Regions of Head and Trunk

17. Roots for Extremities

18. Prefixes for Position and Direction

19. Prefixes for Position and Direction (cont’d)

20. Pretest • In humans, ventral is another term for: (a)lateral (b) central (c) posterior (d) anterior

21. Pretest • In humans, ventral is another term for: (a)lateral (b) central (c) posterior (d) anterior

22. Pretest • A plane that divides the body into left and right parts is a: (a)coronal plane (b) sagittal plane (c) transverse plane (d) frontal plane

23. Pretest • A plane that divides the body into left and right parts is a: (a)coronal plane (b) sagittal plane (c) transverse plane (d) frontal plane

24. Pretest • The scientific name for the chest cavity is: (a)cervical cavity (b) thoracic cavity (c) dorsal cavity (d) pelvic cavity

25. Pretest • The scientific name for the chest cavity is: (a)cervical cavity (b) thoracic cavity (c) dorsal cavity (d) pelvic cavity

26. Pretest • The brain and spinal cord are in what cavity? (a)dorsal cavity (b) abdominal cavity (c) thoracic cavity (d) ventral cavity

27. Pretest • The brain and spinal cord are in what cavity? (a)dorsal cavity (b) abdominal cavity (c) thoracic cavity (d) ventral cavity

28. Pretest • The root cephal/o refers to the: (a)spine (b) head (c) chest (d) lungs

29. Pretest • The root cephal/o refers to the: (a)spine (b) head (c) chest (d) lungs

30. Pretest • The root brachi/o refers to the: (a)head (b) spinal cord (c) leg (d) arm

31. Pretest • The root brachi/o refers to the: (a)head (b) spinal cord (c) leg (d) arm

32. Pretest • The prefix peri- means: (a)under (b) around (c) above (d) within

33. Pretest • The prefix peri- means: (a)under (b) around (c) above (d) within

34. Pretest • The prefix juxta- means: (a)near (b) below (c) away from (d) medial

35. Pretest • The prefix juxta- means: (a)near (b) below (c) away from (d) medial