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Chordates

Chordates. Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla vertebrata, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. They have bilateral symmetry . Characteristics of Chordates.

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Chordates

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  1. Chordates

  2. Taxonomically, the phylum includes the subphyla vertebrata, including mammals, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. • They have bilateral symmetry

  3. Characteristics of Chordates • All chordates have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches, & postanal tail at some time in their life

  4. Notochord is a firm, flexible rod of cartilage located on the dorsal side of the body that becomes part of the spine • Dorsal nerve cord is a hollow tube lying behind the notochord that becomes the spinal cord and connects to the brain

  5. Pharyngeal pouches are small pockets of the anterior part of the digestive tract that become gills in aquatic chordates & jaws, inner ear, & tonsils in terrestrial chordates • Postanal tail consists of muscle tissue & lies behind the posterior opening of the digestive tract

  6. Development • The endoskeleton and muscles form an organ system that permits rapid and efficient movement. • The skull, the most anterior component of the main axis of the vertebrate endoskeleton, encases the brain. The high degree of cephalization in vertebrates is accompanied by complex sense organs concentrated in the head region.

  7. Eyes developed as outgrowths of the brain. • Ears were equilibrium devices in aquatic vertebrates that function as sound-wave receivers in land vertebrates. • Vertebrates have a complete digestive system.

  8. Their circulatory system is closed, with respiratory pigments contained within blood vessels. • Gas exchange is efficiently accomplished by gills, lungs, and in a few cases, moist skin. • Kidneys are efficient in excretion of nitrogenous waste and regulation of water. • Reproduction is usually sexual with separate sexes

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