EMPOWER PROJECT MEETING Partners Albania, Austria, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Bulgária

1. 1st MEETING 10-16 September 2011 Porto, Portugal EMPOWER PROJECT MEETINGPartnersAlbania, Austria, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Bulgária

2. PSYCHODRAMA TRAINING Gabriela Moita PSYCHODRAMA  RESEARCH  IN  THE  FIELD  OF  WOMEN SUFFERING  FROM  VIOLENCE:   Mother-daughter   Relationship   And   Gender   Violence

3. Summary 1. AnoverviewaboutstudieswithGenderViolencevictims 2. TheDaphneproject 3. Psychodramaticmethodology a) Theoreticalquestions b) Practicalapplications Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

4. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The 25 Psychodramasessionsplanning

5. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The 25 Psychodrama sessions planning • This organization was thought mainly as theme-centered and group-centered psychodrama sessions and, sometimes, sociodrama, when the aim is to deal with a collective ideology. • Nevertheless, from the proposed theme we can, according to the group’s needs, work with a protagonist.

6. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The 25 Psychodrama sessions planning • What to do aftereachsessioninorder to compare... • Decisiontaking

7. Task 1 You have to write a small description about you and your modality to conduct the psychodramatic group. • if there are two psychodramatist • if there is a professional io-auxiliary Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

8. Task 2 • You have to describe the group • how many women there are in the group • how many time the group run in a week ( the group can run one time a week or two times per week) Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

9. Task 3 • Each time that the mother-daughter relationship appears you have to take notes in order to add to the report (give the reference of the number of the session) Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

10. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The 25 Psychodramasessionsplanning “The classic psychodrama is an approach that promotes the empowering and the emancipation of those who have been in compulsory and violent relations (let’s remember Moreno’s original experiences with prisoners, prostitutes and clochards) permitting them through role-playing to re-define the roles unconsciously interiorized with the consciousness raising of their own way with regard to the significant figures“ (Boria, 2005 cit in Project description p.3)

11. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The 25 Psychodramasessionsplanning “The Morenian psychodrama,because of its skills to emphasize role-change as main element for resilience promotion” (Project description, p.3)

12. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Sessionsplanning

13. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 1 REPORT Objectives • To knoweachother • Find bridges • Groupmap Activities • Use postcards for presentation (choose the image that pictures you better) /share in pairs/present each other in role reversal • Apply sociometry for group map • Find bridges • A sculpture of the sub- groups that appeared

14. ATTENTION!!!!!!!!!! • This session must be reported Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

15. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 2 Objectives • Groupcreation and cohesion • Planificationofexpectations Activities • Focusing on present and future, creating a group questionnaire (GQ) about expectations: a) fill in a “PQ” b) share in pairs c) apply the “GQ” in a sociometric way

16. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 2 The “GQ” (Group Questionnaire) construction has three aims: • To give the women place to set up/construct their own aims and wishes, those we should take into account. • To have an instrument to evaluate/assess the women’s views on they own processes. • To motivate the women

17. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 3 ) (Compulsory at the begining to send the social atom of each woman to Italy ) Objectives • Connections and reconnections Activities • Social Atom first each one design the sociogram (on a paper) , then action if you want Materials • Paper and colorpencils

18. Give each women a clean page with a circle in the middle Psychodrama Training | Gabriela Moita

19. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 3 Social atom Because of the importance of using relational approaches in treating women victims of human trafficking, the social atom is an ideal tool in the treatment of this clients group. In the therapy groups for women victims of human trafficking we are using the social atom beginning from the present. In this way it is serving also the role of an assessment tool. The client is asked to draw an atom of her present-day relationships. Usually these maps are not crowded. Additionally therapists ask to place on the map all significant relationships, even when some of the people are missing (for example, they can be living in the country of origin) or when they have passed away. This is necessary because such situations represent most of the cases in this clients group (most of the women have irregular contact with their family members but still find the relationships with them very significant and the theme of the relationship with these missing people is emotionally laden and important). Through this the client and therapist gain information and insight into the clients’ relational network. Together we explore the relational world in which the client operates. The accent lays on the supportive relationships; but conflicts are being also explored. Common themes by these explorations are: the feeling of guilt, the shame, the need for acceptance and understanding, the longing for feeling connected and the need to belong. There is focus on how trauma affects interpersonal relations and on means to prevent isolation. We make use of corrective (wishful) social atoms, and explore them on the base of questions and action sociodrams. In the corrective social atom the client draws her social atom as she would like it to look. This is useful in allowing her to experience, through role play, her wished-for life. It offers clients a psychic map to follow in getting their lives to move closer to their goals. We focus on the strong feelings of connection, on the clients place in the network, on the supportive nature of the relationships, on the development of different roles. This is usually the point when clients experiment with role reversals. Koleva, p.12

20. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 3 The social atom We have already said that the social atom is “the no more divisible unity a person takes part in to satisfy his/her own need of affective expansion”. During a lifetime there are uncountable social atoms which a person will have taken part of: family, work, group of friends, and many more. The graphic representation traditional physics has given us about the atom is an image of a circular structure made of a core and particles that move around it. This is the image that Moreno suggested to speak of “atom” to simbolically represent that social unity we take part in to satisfy the need of affective expansion: we are the core, other people who surround us are the particles. Through the representation in a scene of a social atom we can have a psychodramatic analysis. The representation of such atom is made of a circle with a core (where the protagonist is set) and other periferic elements set on the circular shape (the “others” owned by that atom). The social atom always requires a qualificative adjective that identifies the kind of group to whom it refers (family, work, friendship, etc.). Boria,

21. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 3 The geometric representation The director can set the first scene of a psychodrama using people spatial relationships created between them in the moment they get collocated on the stage as representative criteria. The geometric shapes that take place on the scene show the meaning the protagonist gives them by using the construction criteria chosen with the director; these criteria have been explicited since the beginning, in a way everybody can understand the meaning of what they are taking part in. (There are) two kind of symbologies: • the circle shape (a centre and multiple rays that link the centre to the periphery); • a linear shape (progression of segments from a distant/ancient point to a near/recent one). With the circular shape I’ll be able to realize the psychodramatic representation of a social atom; with the linear one I’ll show a sequence of events, realizing a genodrama. Boria,

22. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Daphne Specific Objective 4: Detection and analysis of the persecutor figures internalized and considered positive authorities for the recognition of imitative behaviours desired or implemented with the weakest (younger brothers / sisters, sons / daughters and acquaintances in a position of weakness...) (Project description, p.4)

23. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 4 ( reportedsession) obligatory to colectthe social atom Objectives • Speaking about Families Activities • A vignetteof a family • Family social atoms (COMPULSORY TO SEND IT TO MARIA SILVIA) • Explore: • a) thepower • b) control • c) domination • Genogram • A vignetteof a desiredfamily

24. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 4 In the sociogram The center is the power/the control/the domination. They are asked to place each member as near or as far from the center as they think they are in terms of power.

25. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 5 Objectives Family attachment Activities • Sociometric exploration of family attachment: • - in decision taking • - need of presence • - following ideals • Who’s the more significant person in the family (for you, for your family) – take that role ...

26. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 6 Objectives • Mapping the agressors in the family or in their lives Activities • First individual • Share in pairs • Write a letter to one you choose (or work with an empty chair) • Share the letter in case it was written • Compare with session 4 (Family social atom)

27. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 6 Mapping the agressors, example father boyfriend uncle sister protagonist brother mother grandfather Unidirectional violence Bidirectional violence Undirected violence

28. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 7 Objectives • Violence cycle Activities • Explore the violence timeline • First paper-pencil, later maybe move into action

29. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 7 Trauma timeline The trauma timeline turned out to be very useful and revealing paper-and pencil activity that we sometimes move into action. It allows clients to get a visual picture of the role that trauma has played in their lives. It finds its place in the perspective of time and life wholeness. By placing the trauma episode within its limits, clients gain the feeling of beginning and an end. In this way it doesn’t overwhelm them and starts finding its place within the history of life. This exercise assists also the clients’ memory ability. There is often significant memory loss associated with the trauma. The trauma timeline exercise helps to place split-off experiences into a context of framework. Here again we do not ask clients to come with detailed descriptions of the trauma story. It is more important that they create perspective and see the pre-history and the post-history of the trauma. Most trauma theories view PTSD as a response to the inability of traumatized people to process the material related to the trauma and to store it in the memory. The timeline can be easily psychodramatized by playing oneself at different points of one’s life. Interesting interactions can be explored between the person prior the trauma, soon after the trauma and later after the trauma. This is an effective way to encounter, explore and integrate parts of the self that have been split off through trauma. Important role, which can be used as powerful intervention is the contact with the “wise Me” (the part of myself who has integrated the trauma with all the lessons it has thought me). This part of the exercise supports the meaning giving to the traumatic experience and encourages the client’s empowerment. Koleva, p.12

30. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 8 Objectives • Open session Activities • Let women bring the theme.

31. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications “The gender relations analyses undertake both, the paradigm in which ‘the woman must be always available, the logical extension of the natural male domination’ and the one in which ‘the assaulted woman is an individual who belongs to an antagonist social groups and represents it simbolically’” (Project Presentation p.1)

32. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Daphne Specific Objective 3 Detection and analysis of the ambivalence of the role/position of persecutor and/or victim by the woman, due to the internalization of the suffered violence and the identification with the aggressor. (Project description, p.4)

33. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 9 Objectives • Collecting and sharing narratives of the persecutor and victim narratives of recuperation Activities • In small groups to check what the persecutors usually say, e.g.: • “you make me go crazy/mad” • “You know I’m like this, why did you provoke me...” • “if you tell somebody I’ll kill you” • In small groups to to check how they see the agression and the persecutor • “nobody has the responsability” • “it happens, it is a good act”

34. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Daphne Specific Objective 3 At this stage are considered for awareness: • the violence paths suffered in the intergenerational relationship with parents in the processes of primary socialization; • internalized affective codes and laws perpetuating the value of subordination. (Project presentation, p.4) 

35. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 10 Objectives • Analyze the repeated patterns in family (The chain) Activities • Construct a chain; what is each connection? • From what I listen, I received, to what I say, what I repeat, what I give

36. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 11 Objectives • Analyse fear in relationships Activities • The “hat of fears” • The fear story told by others • The fear resolution story told by others • Role reverse with fear. Fear tells its story

37. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 12 Objectives • Violence and guilt • (weakness and power in the relationship) Activities • Violence in scene (play the role of) • Guilt in scene (play the role of)

38. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 13 Objectives • Assertiveness in communication Activities • Discuss difficulty in assertive answers’ behaviour • Do a “dramatized newspaper”... Enact “some articles” about women in assertive behaviours

39. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 13 “Living newspaper had shown Moreno the possible therapeusis of people playing roles other than their usual role and this was the basis of role reversal.” (Casson, p.16) “Moreno thought of living newspaper as sociodramatic: it enabled a group and audience to explore a social, shared problem, to understand the interplay or roles and events” (Casson, p.13)

40. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 14 Objectives • Security Activities • First each group or the group (depending on the number of members) play a story about insecurity in the family. Then they can change the play as many times as they wish until they reach a security story

41. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 15 Objectives • Factors to maintain a violent relationship Activities • Construct a box of powerful factors – a secret box. • What you do not know... Materials • Magazines

42. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 16 Objectives • A socionomic analysis of love Activities • Questions and answers chairs • Writing sentences about love • Each sentence is positioned in agreement / desagreement locus. • Open discussion

43. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 17 Objectives • Limits • Meaning of acceptance • Meaning of maintaining a family/marriage Activities • Discussion of limits/ boundaries • Play the role of their daughters. How would they like them to act with men as they can play... • One in the role of man, others in the role of daughter...in a sociodramatic way

44. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 18 Objectives • The man/woman relationships – in society/ in their families Activities • Work from the general society point of view down to each woman’s point of view • Doing sculptures (in woman’s role and in man’s role) • Place of power • Place of obligations • Place of rights

45. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 19 Objectives • Demystifying Activities • To identify, in each country, the stereotype sentences (“between husband and wife do not put your spoon”) • What contributes to the gender-based violence in the social culture?

46. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 20 Objectives • Cultural analysis of some positions concerning mariage Activities • “she is a Saint! How can she handle that marriage?” • Find those expressions in your country

47. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 21 Objectives • The power of the group Activities • The qualities of each group participant • The mirror market visit • The market exchange

48. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Daphne Specific objective 5 c) stop the generational mandate of women’s subordination through violent relationship. (p.4)

49. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications Session 22 Objectives • The creator Activities • What can I do for my life? • The magic wand

50. 3. Psychodramaticmethodology b) Practicalapplications The overall objective of EMPoWER is to raise the awareness in the women about their co-responsibility in taking the role of victim of abuse and passing it on to the daughter, to study the phenomena and to test two methods (ecological and psychodrama) to face them. “the operative intervention works on the consciousness raising from the co- responsibility factors of women victims of violence regarding the history of their own condition, that is, the unconscious perpetuation of the role played by mothers in the daughter disposition to man’s will and violence.” (Project presentation, p.3)