Health Care Systems

1. Health Care Systems Where it all began…

2. Warm-up • What does it mean to be healthy (think of all aspects of health)? • List 4 specific examples.

3. LEQ • What do you think is the most significant difference between ancient and current medical practices?

4. Who said it? • “Fresh air, exercise, and healthy food”as a prescription for good health • HIPPOCRATES • All about Hippocrates • The father of Western Medicine advised these practices to both prevent and cure illness The History of Surgery

5. Native Americans • Used hundreds of different plants to treat illness. • Some methods are used today in the form of herbal therapy.

6. What is this????? A Caduceus Where did it originate from?

7. The Caduceus… • Asclepius was the Greek god of healing, and people went to his temple to pray for cures. • His symbol was the snake. • In time, priest healers adopted the symbol of Asclepius. • It is believed that this symbol evolved into an insignia called the caduceus. • Today it is the symbol for the physician.

8. TIMELINE • Working together as a class, create 1 timeline which incorporates all 5 eras • You must include all contributions during your time period • You must include a visual for each contribution • BE NEAT & CREATIVE • You may reference the timeline on pages 26-27 • Be ready to present individually on your assigned area

9. Extra Credit – this never happens! e Tues 10/4/12 • Select 2 of the 5 time periods and identify 1 historical event from each which has an effect on medicine today (it may not be one listed in the book)

10. Answer LEQ • What do you think is the most significant difference between ancient and current medical practices?

11. Warm-up • Although technology is constantly improving, there will always be concepts that we wish we could improve upon in the health care field. • What do you wish that technology could “resolve” in the near future? Explain in a brief paragraph.

12. LEQ • What is the most significant ERA for the medical field? Why?

13. What is the Doctor’s Code of Ethics? • It is rooted in ancient Greek history • Hippocrates practiced and taught medicine around 400 B.C. • He and his students left behind manuscripts advising doctors on treatment of patients • They followed a strict ethical code where they swore they would maintain privacy for the patient and never deliberately cause harm • This code of ethics, the Hippocratic Oath, continues today!

14. The Timeline • 1500 B.C. Egyptian Papyrus (written scroll) • 1200 B.C. Asclepius Greek God of Healing (son of Apollo) • Caduceus is the symbol for medicine • 410-350 B.C. Greek Book of Epidemics • 400 B.C. Hippocratic Oath • Prehistoric Medicine

15. Middle Ages • 200 Galen; tracheotomy • Barber-surgeons cut hair, perform surgery; barber pole symbol popularized • Medical Milestones • 900 Rhazes discovered difference between smallpox and measles • Medical care becomes regulated • 1300 Islamic hospitals; health care for the sick • Christian monasteries founded to treat the ill • 1400 Frenchwoman Jacoba Felicie tries to practice medicine but is denied

16. RenaissanceRenaissance Medicine • 1500’s - Printing press allows for publication of discoveries • 1600 - Use of scientific method begins (DISPROVES ILLNESS ON SUPERNATURAL EVENTS!) • 1665 - Robert Hooke built one of the first reflective microscopes • 1673 - Antonievan Leeuwenhoek identifies bacteria using microscope • 1700 - Francis Bacon uses microscope to discover plague fleas

17. Warm-up • Is fast food to blame for obesity? Why or why not? DEFEND your answer! Be prepared to debate 

18. Industrial Revolution • 1796 - Edward Jenner discovered 1st vaccine • Injected people with fluid of cowpox to protect against smallpox • Discovery of blood, cells, bacteria, protozoa, and stethoscope • 1822-1895 - Louis Pasteur (microbiology) • Pasteurization of milk • History of Pasteurization • 1827-1912 Joseph Lister - practice of medical asepsis (disinfecting surgical equipment / hand washing to prevent infections) • Reduced # of deaths from surgeries • 1843-1910 Robert Koch - discovered pathogens • Medical Advances during the Industrial Revolution

19. Answer LEQ • What is the most significant ERA for the medical field? Why?

20. Vocabulary • Please define the vocabulary in all of chapter 2 in your own words – draw a picture reflecting each definition. • LEQ - What is the purpose of health care systems?

21. Activity • Work on your health care systems objectives worksheet. You may work quietly with a partner but do your own work. You will get half of the class to complete this.

22. Warm-up • How can medical care be more accessible to those who need it? And at what cost? Propose a plan you think would be effective.

23. LEQ • How have advancements within the last century improved our quality of life?

24. 1847 - Ignaz Semmelweis shows importance of hand washing 1854 - John Snow stops outbreak of cholera 1897-1904 - Marie Curie discovers science of radioactivity 1900-1909 - Bubonic Plague hits San Francisco Industrial Revolution continued...

25. Modern World • Discovery of organ transplants, X-rays, radium for cancer treatment, MRI, CAT scans • 1928-1945 - Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin • 1930-1960 - First HMO Insurance • 1952 - Salk discovers polio vaccine

26. Modern World continued… • 1980 - WHO declares smallpox eradicated • 1980-1998 - Managed health care; growth in uninsured • 1981-1986 - AZT is used to combat AIDS • In vitro fertilization for infertile couples • 2001 - Steve Thomas used sterile maggots for infectious wound treatment • Maggot Therapy

27. Answer LEQ • How have advancements within the last century improved our quality of life?

28. Write about it! • Explain the most memorable “medical” experience you have had. It may be a positive or negative memory!

29. LEQ • What do you think would be the most efficient way to make health care more affordable in our country? Why?

30. Technology Just a few decades ago… • Computerized technology for noninvasive diagnosis of soft tissue diseases/injuries did not exist • No ultrasound technology for examining the heart, blood vessels, uterus, or other cavities • Radiology was limited to only taking X-rays • Polio crippled thousands of children • Limited cancer treatment (Tx)

31. Technology • The first mobile phone was “as small as a briefcase” • Miniaturization in technology significantly helps the medical field • WHY? • Medical history with mobile access • Downside is advancements = money!

32. Answer LEQ • What do you think would be the most efficient way to make health care more affordable in our country? Why?

33. Warm-up • What is the difference between a right and a privilege? • Give an example of each (doesn’t have to be related to medical field)

34. LEQ • Why is preventative medicine more cost effective than treating illnesses?

35. Debate • Right vs. privilege examples, situations • Written response to 2 scenarios

36. Preventative Medicine & Wellness • Fitness movement of the 1980s • Link between exercise, diet, and good health has gained much more notice • Opposed to what? • Aging baby boomers, physicians, insurance companies, and fitness experts realize value of good health

37. Answer LEQ • Why is preventative medicine more cost effective than treating illnesses?

38. Warm-up • What do YOU personally do to stay healthy? • What else could you do to enhance your health?

39. LEQ • What are the main components of personal responsibility for wellness?

40. Hospital Wellness Centers • 1990s - hospitals began to shift their focus from sick care to health care • Began to develop wellness / fitness centers (catered older population and their needs) • Clinical services are important component and they offer cardiac rehabilitation, pulmonary rehabilitation, occupational medicine, sports medicine, clinical weight management, physical therapy

41. What else do they offer?? • Wellness programs for patients with chronic diseases (arthritis, diabetes, osteoporosis, neuromuscular disorders) • Includes exercise programs • Includes screenings for diseases such as breast, cervical, and prostate cancer, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol

42. Personal Responsibility for Wellness • Fitness- maintain good health and preventing illnesses • Preventative Care- immunizations / screenings • Spiritual health- beliefs, standards/morals, purpose in life • Safety- learn and use safety prevention tips • Nutrition- eat right to guard against illness • Tackling tobacco addictions • Stress management- cope with everyday stress

43. Activity • In groups of 4, create a program that Appoquinimink High School can offer to enhance preventative wellness for YOU! • Topics include fitness, preventative care, spiritual health, safety, nutrition, tobacco addictions, stress management • What is it? What will it cost? Who are you targeting? How will you implement it? Create a commercial advertising your program. • Each person must have a speaking role, must be 1 minute long

44. Answer LEQ • What are the main components of personal responsibility for wellness?

45. Warm-up • After the announcements, get with your group for the commercials. You have 10 minutes to quietly work on finalizing them, then be ready to present!

46. Grading • Speak loudly and confidently • Accurate information • Is longer than 1 minute

47. Reflection • Write about each of the 7 topics. • Which ideas do you think would work that were presented? • Which ideas did you not like? How would you change it? • At least 2 pages, double-spaced

48. Personal Responsibility for Wellness • Fitness- maintain good health and preventing illnesses • Preventative Care- immunizations / screenings • Spiritual health- beliefs, standards/morals, purpose in life • Safety- learn and use safety prevention tips • Nutrition- eat right to guard against illness • Tackling tobacco addictions • Stress management- cope with everyday stress

49. Warm-up • List as many places as you can where “health” needs are met. Think outside the box!

50. LEQ • Where can patients receive medical care?