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Module A: Definitions, Context and Knowledge of School Violence Unit A2 What we know about school violence: findings from research and practice. Introductory lecture. What do we know?. We have different ideas about violence We have different definitions of what is and is not violence
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Module A: Definitions, Context and Knowledge of School ViolenceUnit A2 What we know about school violence:findings from research and practice Introductory lecture
What do we know? • We have different ideas about violence • We have different definitions of what is and is not violence • We have different feelings about young people and how they should be treated • We have different levels of understanding about the responsibilities of schools
What do we know? • A shared philosophy at school level • A safe, violence-free school • A number of programs implemented
Incidence • There is a greater variation in the extent of our knowledge base on school violence • A range of statistics is available • An issue of definition and lack of data on violence • EU-funded Connect project (Smith, 2003)
TIMMS- survey data • One of the most extended reports on school violence was based on TIMMS – survey data • Exploring the amount of school violence in 37 nations worldwide • School violence was measured as self- reference victimization by pupils • Differences among European countries
What do we know? • Student bullying, violence, harassment and disruptive classroom behaviour are serious and interrelated problems in schools • The interrelated problems should be taken into account when evaluating policies and programs in the devising of which actions to take • A first step in knowing what to do is basic knowledge of the phenomenon
What do we know about victims of bullying? • No clear gender differences • Occurrence of bullying decreases the older the students become • The most frequent type of bullying is verbal • Boys are more often victims of physical harrassment and bullying • Girls are more often victims of social exclusion • At least 5% of students at primary and secondary schools are bullied weekly or more often
What do we know about victims of bullying? PunchStock/Frank Renlie
What do we know about perpetrators of bullying? • Boys are often offenders of bullying • These gender differences increase markedly with age • Rates of offenders of bullying among girls are relatively stable with age • Both boys and girls use teasing • At least 5% of students bully others every week or more often
What do we know about perpetrators of bullying? PunchStock/Frank Renlie
Bullying by mobile phone • About 15 % of students using mobile phones have experienced bullying • There are more reports of bullying others than being victins • Mostly boys are victims of serious bullying • The problem increases with age • The problem decreased from 2001 to 2004
Bullying by mobile phone PunchStock/Frank Renlie
What do we know about school violence? • It is complex and multi-determined • School violence prevention and school improvement • School violence an international scope • Significant research has been done in the past 25 years • Bullying is a major component of school violence but bullying is not a well-understood phenomenon in all countries in Europe
What do we know about school violence? • Different theoretical approaches to school violence • A ecological and bio-ecological approach • School violence and bullying seen as an interplay among several relevant subsystems • Intervention will benefit from addressing school bullying and violence both at individual, class and school level