Living Psychology by Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem

1. LivingPsychologybyKaren Huffman with Gary Piggrem PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation Chapter 15: Living Psychology in a Global Economy Judith Phillips, Palomar College ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

2. Lecture Overview • Communication • Leadership • Persuasion • Conflict • Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

3. Communication: Module 15.1 • Communication: interdependent process of sending, receiving and understanding messages; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

4. The Communication process • 7 important elements exist in all forms of communication: • The sender (who initiates the message) and the receiver (for whom the message is targeted); • The message, • Encoding- what the sender does; • Decoding- what the receiver does; • Channels- the means by which the message is communicated; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

5. Channels of information flow in 3 different directions: • Noise- stimuli that interfere, • Context- the environmental conditions surrounding the communication. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

6. Non Verbal Communication: • the process of sending and receiving messages through means other than words; • Includes: • Kinesics (gestures and body language); • Proxemics (physical and personal space); • Paralanguage (how words are spoken); ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

7. Male/Female differences in communication ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

8. Leadership: Module 15.2 • Leadership: using interpersonal influence to inspire or persuade others to support the goals and perform the tasks desired by the leader. • 3 major leadership styles: trait, situational, functional; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

9. Trait perspective- leadership results from specific inherited personality traits; • These trait include- • Drive, honesty and integrity; • Expertise and leadership motivation; • Flexibility (single most important trait); ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

10. Charismatic leaders possess a compelling vision that transforms followers’ beliefs, values & goals; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

11. Situational perspective: the environment (both time in history and needs of followers) produces the leader; • 3 major styles found: • Autocratic leader- makes all major decisions, assigns task to followers and demands full obedience; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

12. Democratic leader- encourages group discussion and group decision making; • Laissez-faire leader- minimally involved with decision making & encourages workers to make their own decisions and manage themselves; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

13. Functional perspective- emphasizes the behaviors that leaders exhibit which contribute to the group’s functioning; • 2 types: • Task-oriented leader- helps a group complete a task or reach a goal; • Relationship-oriented leader- helps maintain group morale, satisfaction and motivation; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

14. Leadership and Bases of Power ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

15. Persuasion: Module 15.3 • Persuasion: communication intended to change attitudes; • 4 major elements of persuasion- • Who- the source in communication; • What- the communication message; • To Whom- the audience; • How- the channels and methods; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

16. Several important elements of how: • repeated exposure • classical conditioning • foot in the door technique • the door in the face- beginning with a very large request followed by a smaller request; • low balling- getting someone to commit to an attractive proposal before revealing hidden costs; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

17. bait & switch: offering an attractive proposal, then making it unavailable or unappealing and offering a more expensive alternative; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

18. Routes to persuasion ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

19. Conflict: Module 15.4 • Conflict: having to choose between 2 or more competing goals; • Can be: • dysfunctional (destructive) or functional (constructive); • intrapersonal or interpersonal; • 2 major types of interpersonal conflict are substantive (deals with goals or means) or emotional (between individuals); ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

20. Sources of conflict ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

21. Living Psychology- Improving Communication and Coping With Conflict: Module 15.5 • Improving communication skills by overcoming 6 barriers that block communication: • Physical distractions such as music and sounds; • Perceptual set- readiness to perceive, based on expectations; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

22. Semantics- poor choice of words, use of emotionally charged words, and inappropriate use of technical jargon; • Mixed messages; • Status differences between communicating individuals; • Communication overload; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

23. Communication skills and strategies for better communication: • Know your audience; • Use active and empathic listening; • Ask for feedback; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

24. Conflict Resolution Skills • 5 main approaches: • Avoidance- pretending a conflict doesn’t exist; • Accommodation- focusing on areas of agreement; • Compromising, • Authoritative command- an outside authority imposes a solution; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology

25. Collaboration- all parties problem solve and put their own interests behind them; ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005 Huffman: Living Psychology