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Ch. 11, 12, and 13 notes. Ch. 11 Intertidal Zone. Intertidal Zone-shallowest part of continental shelf, where the land meets the sea. Epifauna. Animals that live on the surface of the substrate They might live on rock, sand, mud, or other organisms
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Ch. 11 Intertidal Zone • Intertidal Zone-shallowest part of continental shelf, where the land meets the sea
Epifauna • Animals that live on the surface of the substrate • They might live on rock, sand, mud, or other organisms • Some move around on rocks, but most are sessile
Infauna • the animals living in the sediments of the ocean floor or river or lake beds.
Most Common Animals in Intertidal Zone • Epifauna Vertical zonation
What strateges do intertidal organisms use to keep from dessicating? • Dessicating = drying out!! • 1. hide • 2. live in moist tide pools
Wave Shock!! • How do intertidal organisms deal with such large waves?
Avoiding Wave Shock • 1. Be flexible and bend with the waves • 2. Have a thick shell • 3. Clamming up • 4. anchoring to the rocks
Limiting resource • SPACE
Problems Intertidal Organisms face • Water loss • Temperature fluctuations • Vertical zonation
Abundance of: • Food
2 types of substrate 1. Rocky Bottom Soft Bottom
Detritus • Dead organic matter
Review • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y59Y-BnqqXI
Ch. 12 Estuaries • Coastal areas where fresh water and sea water mix (brackish water)
Estuary • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jeyOA0mwBhc
Estuaries Impacted by: • Loss of habitat • Dredge and filling • Habitat degredation • Proximity to cities and communities
Where are estuaries found? • Few and far between • An active continental margin is found on the leading edge of the continent where it is crashing into an oceanic plate. • Where most estuaries form • Passive continental margins are found along the remaining coastlines. Because there is no collision or subduction taking place, tectonic activity is minimal Active margins (tectonic estuaries) Passive margins
Estuaries • Have a sandy/muddy bottom • Water moves in and out with rising and falling tides (changing salinity)
Together, all of these make up parts of the continental shelf, where 90% of the world’s fish are caught.
Review • Types of Estuaries • http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLuF_X_llrYBvT2c4IGRzesbYLfPZUDZrN
Ch. 13 Subtidal Communities • Subtidal zone-never exposed at low tide
Facts • Most common bottom type=soft • Ephiphytes=Small algae that grow on the surface of seagrass leaves and other surfaces
Unvegetated communities Subtidal communities that lack significant amounts of sea weeds or sea grasses
Seagrass • 1. form vegetated soft bottomed subtidal communities • 2. have high benthic primary productivity • 3. are flowering plants • 4. occur close to the coast
Kelp Forests • 1. occur in cold water in temperate and subpolar regions • 2. are attached to bottom by a holdfast • 3. have their fronds at the surface in a dense mat
Sea Urchin Outbreaks in Kelp Forests • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_aSl3iL7rM • JEAN-MICHEL COUSTEAU: OCEAN ADVENTURES | Kelp Forest | PBS