Ecology

1. Ecology What is the biosphere and how is it organized?

2. Did you know... The water you poop in today is the water you drink “tomorrow”! It’s true! Matter cannot be created or destroyed...there is no “new” water for us to drink!However, matter can change form and be recycled. This is true of water AND other elements in nature (such as carbon and nitrogen). You have learned about the parts of the water cycle in  Water is taken from a natural source (ie. Mountain Island Lake)  It goes through the process of municipal water treatment to clean it up so you can drink  It is piped into your home where it is used.  When used water goes down the drain, it goes to a sewage treatment facility to clean it up enough to put it back into a natural source....and the cycle starts again!

3. Biosphere • Area of the earth where life exists; extends from ocean depths to a few kilometers above land

4. Biomes • An extensive area of similar climate and vegetation; there are six terrestrial biomes and three aquatic biomes.

5. Ecosystem • A physically distinct, self-supporting unit of interacting organisms and their environment. • Ex. Forest or pond

6. Ecosystem • Four important processes: • Production of energy (usually from sunlight) • Energy transfer • Decomposition • Reuse of nutrients

7. Ecosystem • Includes biotic and abiotic factors • Biotic - living things • Abiotic - nonliving things • Ex. Temperature, light, nutrients

8. Fill It In … Simple picture of an ecosystem (label a biotic and abiotic factor):

9. Communities & Populations • Communities - all the ecosystems interacting biotic factors • Communities may be broken down into smaller units called populations

10. Fill It In … Simple picture of a community:

11. Communities & Populations • Populations - a group of individuals that belong to the same species and occupy the same area and share common resources

12. Fill It In … Simple picture of a population:

13. Communities & Populations • Each population has a specific niche, which means total way of life. • The niche includes habitat, place in food web, competition, interrelationships, and resource needs (temperature, water)

14. Communities & Populations • A community may have 1000’s of populations (tropical rainforest) or relatively few (tundra)

15. Check Yourself! • List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). • What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? • What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b. d.

16. Check Yourself! • List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) • What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? • What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b. d.

17. Check Yourself! • List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) • What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? ECOSYSTEM = BIOTIC & ABIOTIC FACTORS (LIVING & NONLIVING); COMMUNITY = BIOTIC FACTORS ONLY (ONLY LIVING) • What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. c. b. d.

18. Check Yourself! • List the levels of organization of the biosphere from highest level (biosphere) to the most specific level (niche). BIOSPHERE -> BIOME -> ECOSYSTEM -> COMMUNITY -> POPULATION -> INDIVIDUAL (NICHE) • What is the difference between an ecosystem and a community? ECOSYSTEM = BIOTIC & ABIOTIC FACTORS (LIVING & NONLIVING); COMMUNITY = BIOTIC FACTORS ONLY (ONLY LIVING) • What four essential processes would be found in an ecosystem? a. ENERGY PRODUCTION c. DECOMPOSITION b. ENERGY TRANSFER d. REUSE OF NUTRIENTS

19. SKIP TO PAGE 200

20. How do living things interact in a community? • Competition - a struggle for resources among organisms. • Ex. Nesting space for birds

21. Fill It In … Picture of competition:

22. How do living things interact in a community? • Predation • Predators are organisms that consume other organisms • Ex. Zebra eating grass (?) • Prey are organisms that are being consumed. • Ex. Earthworm being eaten by a bird

23. How do living things interact in a community? • Symbiosis- two organisms of different species living together in a close, permanent relationship; 3 types

24. 3 types of symbiosis: • Mutualism - two organisms benefit each other (+,+) • Ex. Termite and protozoan • Ex. Lichen - an alga and a fungus

25. 3 types of symbiosis: • Parasitism - one organism benefits and the other is harmed (+,-) • Ex. Tapeworm and human • Ex. Mistletoe and tree

26. 3 types of symbiosis: • Commensalism - one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (+,0) • Ex. Clownfish and sea anemone • Ex. Whale and barnacles Symbiosis Video

27. Fill It In … Fill in the correct type of symbiosis for the following symbols: +,+ __________________ +,- ___________________

28. Check Yourself! • Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? • In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? • What is symbiosis?

29. Check Yourself! • Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION • In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? • What is symbiosis?

30. Check Yourself! • Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION • In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? PREDATOR = SNAKE; PREY = BIRD • What is symbiosis?

31. Check Yourself! • Which biotic relationship is defined as a “struggle for resources”? COMPETITION • In your backyard, you observe a snake entering your birdfeeder. Who is the predator and who is the prey? PREDATOR = SNAKE; PREY = BIRD • What is symbiosis? CLOSE, PERMANENT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS